%GGGG @article{gardner:1991, Author = "Gardner, William A.", Title = "Exploitation of spectral redundancy in cyclostationary signals", Journal = "IEEE Signal Processing Magazine", Volume = "?", Year = "1991", Month = "apr", Pages = "14--36", Keyword = "signal processing, cyclostationary signals", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 2. Cyclostationarity, a. Spectral line generation, b. The cyclic autocorrelation function, 3. The spectral-correlation density function, a. Definition of the SCD, b. Filtering, c. Waveform multiplication, d. Discrete time, e. Periodically time-variant filtering, f. Measurement of the SCD, 4. Exploitation of spectral redundancy, a. Spectral redundancy, b. Parameter estimation, c. Time-difference-of-arrival estimation, d. Spatial filtering, e. Direction finding, f. Frequency-shift filtering for signal extraction, g. Frequency-shift prediction, 5. Higher-order cyclostationarity, 6. Conclusion and further reading" } @article{gargett:1989, Author = "A. E. Gargett", Title = "Ocean turbulence", Journal = "Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech.", Volume = "21", Year = "1989", Pages = "419--451" } @article{garrett:1979, Author = "C. J. R. Garrett", Title = "Mixing in the ocean interior", Journal = "Dyn. Atmos. Oceans", Volume = "3", Year = "1979", Pages = "239--265" } @article{garrett-munk:1979, Author = "C. J. R. Garrett and W. Munk", Title = "Internal waves in the ocean: a progress report", Journal = "Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech.", Volume = "11", Year = "1979", Pages = "339--369" } Garrett, C. J. R., Parker MacCready, and Peter Rhines, "Boundary mixing and arrested Ekman layers: Rotating stratified flow near a sloping boundary," 1. Introduction a. Motivation b. Difficulties c. Reconciliation d. Outline 2. Governing equations 3. Constant mixing coefficients a. Steady state b. Time dependence 4. Variable mixing coefficients a. General steady state results b. Time dependence c. Arrest or spin-down? 5. Applications to the ocean a. Regimes b. Mixing processes near slopes c. Patching local solutions to the interior d. Evolving along-slope currents 6. Outstanding problems a. Theoretical questions b. Observational needs @incollection{gary:1979, Author = "Gary, John", Title = "Nonlinear instability", Booktitle = "Numerical Methods Used in Atmospheric Models, Vol. II", Publisher = "World Meteor. Org.", Number = "GARP Pub. Series No. 17", Year = "1979", Pages = "476--500", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Nonlinear instability with the method of lines, 3. The effect of ``conservation form'' on stability, 4. Instability for a linear system, 5. Nonlinear instability for Galerkin schemes, 6. The leapfrog time discretization" } Ghil, M., "Theoretical climate dynamics: an introduction," In _Turbulence and Predictability in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics and Climate Dynamics_, North-Holland, N.Y., 1985, pp. 347-402. 1. Introduction 2. Radiation budget of the earth 2.1 Global radiation balance 2.2 Local imbalances and meridional fluxes 3. Global energy-balance models 3.1 A model for global temperature 3.2 Stationary solutions and stability to perturbations 3.3 Structural stability 4. Latitude-dependent models for surface temperature 4.1 Horizontal heat transport 4.2 Model formulation 4.3 Stationary solutions 4.4 Internal stability 4.5 Structural stability 4.6 Concluding remarks on energy-balance models 5. Quaternary glaciations 5.1 Climatic variability 5.2 Paleoclimate evidence of glaciations 5.3 Geochemical proxy data 5.4 The phenomenology of glaciation cycles 6. Physical mechanisms of glaciations 6.1 Internal mechanisms: model formulation 6.2 Internal mechanisms: discussion 6.3 Orbital changes 6.4 Insolation changes and their climatic effect 7. The forced behavior of a climatic oscillator 7.1 Free oscillations 7.2 Nonlinear resonance 7.3 Entrainment and combination tones 7.4 Multiple forcing: more combination tones 7.5 Sharp peaks, aperiodicity and terminations 8. Periodicity and predictability 8.1 Phase errors and frequency errors 8.2 Measures of preditability 9. Concluding remarks Ghil, Michael, and Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli, "Data assimilation in meteorology and oceanography," Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 33, 1991, pp. 141-266. 1. Introduction and motivation 2. Evolution of data assimilation in meteorology 3. Atmosphere and ocean: Dynamics, data sets, and models 3.1 Dynamics and thermodynamics 3.2 Data sets in the atmosphere and ocean 3.3 Oceanographic models 4. Estimation theory and data assimilation 4.1 Sequential estimation and optimal data assimilation 4.2 Variational methods: Fundamentals and variants 5. Current status of meteorological data assimilation 5.1 Optimal interpolation 5.2 Initialization problem 5.2.1 Fast waves, initialization, and projection 5.2.2 Nonlinear normal-mode initialization 5.3 Kalman filtering applications 5.3.1 Efficient implementation 5.3.2 Strong nonlinearity 5.4 Applications of variational methods 5.4.1 Duality 5.4.2 Direct minimization 5.4.3 The adjoint method 6. Current status of oceanographic data assimilation 6.1 Role of dynamics in oceanographic data assimilation 6.1.1 Propagation of information 6.1.2 Trade-off between variables 6.2 Initialization problem in oceanography 6.3 Assimilation methods 6.3.1 Optimal interpolation and inverse methods 6.3.2 Blending and nudging methods 6.3.3 Kalman filtering applications 6.3.4 Applications of variational methods 7. Concluding remarks Gibson, Carl H., "Turbulence, mixing, and microstructure," In _The Sea, Vol. 9, Part A: Ocean Engineering Science_, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1990, pp. 631-659. 1. Introduction a. The fossil turbulence paradigm b. Microstructure and mesostructure c. Ocean mixing model 2. Definitions 3. Microstructure and mixing 4. Intermittency and fossil turbulence in sampling mean dissipation rates 5. Discussion 6. Summary Gill, A. E., "Models of Equatorial currents," In _Proc. Symp. Numer. Models Ocean Circ., 1972, pp. 181-203. Glimm, James, "Nonlinear and stochastic phenomena: the grand challenge for partial differential equations," SIAM Review, Vol. 33, 1991, pp. 626-643. 1. Introduction 2. Coherent nonlinear structures 3. Chaotic solutions of partial differential equations Glowinski, R., Q. V. Dinkh, and J. Periaux, "Domain decomposition methods for nonlinear problems in fluid dynamics," Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., Vol. 40, 1983, pp. 27-109. Gordon, Arnold, "General Ocean Circulation," In - , 1. Introduction 2. Abyssal circulation 3. Surface circulation 4. Conclusion @article{gordon.r:1987, Author = "Gordon, R. G.", Title = "Polar wandering and paleomagnetism", Journal = "Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.", Volume = "15", Year = "1987", Pages = "567--593" } @incollection{gottlieb-hussaini-etal:1984, Author = "Gottlieb, David and M. Yousuff Hussaini and Steven A. Orszag", Title = "Theory and applications of spectral methods", Booktitle = "Spectral Methods for Partial Differential Equations", Editor = "Robert G. Voigt and David Gottlieb and M. Yousuff Hussaini", Publisher = "SIAM, Philadelphia", Year = "1984", Pages = "1--54", TOC = " 1. Pseudospectral Fourier method, 2. Approximation theory for periodic functions, 3. Stability and convergence of pseudospectral Fourier methods, 4. Pseudospectral Chebyshev method, 5. Approximation theory of the pseudospectral Chebyshev method, 6. Stability and convergence of pseudospectral Chevyshev methods, 7. Other polynomial expansions, 8. Time discretization and iterative methods, 8.1 Time discretization, 8.2 Time stepping methods for incompressible flow problems, 8.3 Iterative methods, 9. Incompressible flows, 9.1 Three-dimensional numerical algorithms, 9.2 Applications to hydrodynamic stability theory, 9.3 Applications to transition and turbulence, 10. Compressible flows, 10.1 One-dimensional and quasi one-dimensional flows, 10.2 Two-dimensional flows, 10.3 Three-dimensional flows" } Grant, W. D., and O. S. Madsen, "The continental-shelf bottom boundary layer," Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech., Vol. 18, 1986, pp. 265-305. Gregg, M. C., "Diapycnal mixing in the thermocline: a review," J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 92, 1987, pp. 5249-5286. 1. Introduction 2. Inferences about turbulent fluxes in the stratified ocean 3. Internal waves and horizontal vortices 4. Diapycnal fluxes from microstructure measurements 5. Mixing patches 6. Evolution of stratified turbulence: theoretical and laboratory studies 7. Characteristics of the turbulence 8. Summation and prospectus @article{gregg:1991, Author = "Gregg, M. C.", Title = "The study of mixing in the ocean: a brief history", Journal = "Oceanography", Volume = "4", Year = "1991", Pages = "39--45" } Griffiths, R. W., "Gravity currents in rotating systems," Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech., Vol. 18, 1986, pp. 59-89. Grimshaw, R., "Wave action and wave-mean flow interaction, with application to stratified shear flows," Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech., Vol. 16, 1984, pp. 11-44. @inproceedings{guckenheimer:1979, Author = "Guckenheimer, John", Title = "A brief introduction to dynamical systems", Booktitle = "Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology", Editor = "Frank C. Hoppensteadt", Publisher = "American Math. Soc., Prov., RI", Series = "Lectures in Applied Mathematics", Number = "17", Year = "1979", Pages = "187--253", Note = " I. Introduction, II. Foundations, III. An example, IV. Stable and unstable manifolds, V. Invariant sets, VI. Hyperbolic structures, VII. Dynamics of axiom A flows, VIII. Basic sets, IX. Symbolic dynamics, X. Statistical mechanics, XI. Structural stability, XII. Structural stability theorems, XIII. Necessary conditions for stability and genericity, XIV. Bifurcation theory XV. Epilogue" } %HHHH @Incollection{hack:1992, Author = "James J. Hack", Title = "Climate system simulation: basic numerical & computational concepts", Booktitle = "Climate System Modeling", Editor = "Kevin E. Trenberth", Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press", Year = "1992", Pages = "283--318", Note = " 9.1 Introduction, 9.1.1 Development of atmospheric simulation capabilities, 9.1.2 Development of computational capabilities, 9.2 Numerical methods used in global climate models, 9.2.1 Numerical approximation concepts, 9.2.2 Horizontal and vertical coordinate systems, 9.2.3 Representation of parameterized physics", 9.3 Computational requirements and contraints, 9.3.1. Basic concepts in computer systems architecture, 9.3.2 Algorithmic implications, 9.4 Modularization and coupling" } @Incollection{haidvogel:1983, Author = "Dale B. Haidvogel", Title = "Periodic and regional models", Booktitle = "Eddies in Marine Science", Editor = "Allan R. Robinson", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1983", Pages = "404--437", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Two-dimensional turbulence, 3. The effects of beta, 4. Mean flow generation by localized forcing, 5. Turbulent cascades in a stratified fluid, 6. Scattering by topography, 7. Regional models and non-local effects, 8. Comparison with observations, 9. Conclusions and future directions" } @Incollection{haidvogel-bryan:1992, Author = "Dale B. Haidvogel and Frank O. Bryan", Title = "Ocean general circulation modeling", Booktitle = "Climate System Modeling", Editor = "Kevin E. Trenberth", Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press", Year = "1992", Pages = "371--412", Note = " 11.1 Introduction, 11.2 Equations of motion, 11.2.1 The hydrostatic primitive equations, 11.2.2 Turbulent friction and the closure 'problem', 11.2.3 Surface, lateral, and bottom boundary conditions, 11.2.4 The surface mixed layer, 11.3 Solving the equations of motion, 11.3.1 Horizontal discretization, 11.3.2 Vertical coordinates, 11.3.3 Conservation and positivity properties, 11.4 Simple models of the ocean circulation, 11.4.1 The wind-driven ocean, 11.4.2 Box models of the thermohaline circulation, 11.4.3 Two-dimensional meridional plane models, 11.5 Ocean general circulation models, 11.5.1 Idealized geometry models, 11.5.2 Basin-scale models, 11.5.3 Global models, 11.6 Future directions, 11.6.1 Simplifying the equations of motion, 11.6.2 What about those eddies?, 11.6.3 Numerical algorithms, 11.6.4 Optimal combination of models and data" } @inproceedings{hale:1979, Author = "Hale, Jack K.", Title = "Nonlinear oscillations in equations with delays", Booktitle = "Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology", Editor = "Frank C. Hoppensteadt", Publisher = "American Math. Soc., Prov., RI", Series = "Lectures in Applied Mathematics", Number = "17", Year = "1979", Pages = "157--185", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. The Hopf bifurcation theorem, 3. Examples of variations in the delays, 4. Infinite delays, 5. Stabilizing effect of delays, 6. Nonautonomous equations" } Harindra, J. S. Fernando, "Turbulent mixing in stratified fluids," Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., Vol. 23, 1991, pp. 455-493. 1. Introduction 2. Entrainment across sharp interfaces a. Some general considerations b. Mixing due to shear-free turbulence c. Mixing in stratified shear flows d. Effects of combined forcing e. Mixing at double-diffusive interfaces 3. Other mixing mechanisms 4. Mixing efficiency in stratified fluids 5. Conclusion Hart, J. E., "Experiments on planetary scale instabilities," In _Nonlinear Topics in Ocean Physics_, A. R. Osborne, ed., North-Holland, 1991, pp. 271-312. 1. Introduction 2. Experiments on finite-amplitude baroclinic instability 3. Vacillations 4. The observed transition to chaos 5. Low-order modeling: joys and sorrows 6. Periodic forcing 7. Experiments on global convection 8. Pattern selection 9. Conclusions Hart, J. E., "Finite amplitude baroclinic instability," Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech., Vol. 11, 1979, pp. 147-172. @article{hasegawa:1985, Author = "Hasegawa, Akira", Title = "Self-organization processes in continuous media", Journal = "Advances in Physics", Volume = "34", Year = "1985", Pages = "1--42", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 2. Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence, a. Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation, b. The inverse cascade, c. Self-organization in two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence, d. Three-dimensional helical Navier-Stokes turbulence, 3. Turbulence in magnetohydrodynamics, a. MHD equations and elementary excitation, b. Self-organization in three-dimensional MHD turbulence, c. Self-organization in two-dimensional MHD turbulence, d. The alfvenic state, 4. Rossby wave and drift-wave turbulence, a. Rossy wave turbulence, b. Self-organization in Rossby wave turbulence, c. Drift-wave turbulence, 5. Self-organization in solitons and localized structures, a. Self-organization in Korteweg-de Vries turbulence, b. Chaos, solitons and self-organization, c. Localized vortices, 6. Concluding remarks, Acknowledgements, References" } Haslacher, Brosl, "Discrete fluids," Los Alamos Science, 1987, pp. 175-217. I. Discrete fluids 1. Background for lattice gas automata a. The example of fluid dynamics b. Coming down from the above - the continuum description c. Solution techniques - the creation of a microworld d. Coming up from below - the kinetic theory description e. Kinetic theory and the Boltzmann transport equation f. The Boltzman form of the collision term g. Solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation h. Recovering macrodynamics - the Euler equations i. Recovering the Navier-Stokes equation j. Summary of the kinetic theory picture 2. Evolution of discrete fluid models a. Continuous network models b. Discrete skeletal models II. The simple hexagonal model - theory and simulation 1. The minimal totally discrete model of Navier-Stokes in two dimensions 2. Theoretical analysis of the discrete lattice gas a. The Chapman-Enskog expansion and the direct expansion b. The lattice collision operator and the solution to the lattice Boltzmann transport equation c. Isoptropy and the momentum tensor d. Viscosity for lattice gas models e. The incompressible limit 3. Simulations of fluid dynamics with the hexagonal lattice gas automaton @article{hay:1993, Author = "Hay, William W.", Title = "The role of polar deep water formation in global climate back", Journal = "Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci", Volume = "21", Year = "1993", Pages = "227--254", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 2. Formation of ocean deep water, a. Deep water formation near an ocean boundary, b. Deep water formation in the open ocean, 3. Known perturbations of deep water production, a. The great salinity anomaly, b. The Younger Dryas cooling event, c. The glacial-interglacial record, 4. The conveyor belt, 5. When and where did polar deep water formation begin?" } Heaps, N. S., "Storm surges," Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., Vol. 5, 1967, pp. 11-47. @incollection{heaps:1984, Author = "Heaps, N. S.", Title = "Vertical structure of current in homogeneous and stratified waters", Booktitle = "Hydrodynamics of Lakes", Editor = "K. Hutter", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1984", Series = "CISM Courses and Lectures", Number = "286", Pages = "153--209", TOC = " 1. Hydrodynamic equations with application to a narrow lake under steady wind, 1.1 Basic equations, 1.2 Wind induced steady circulation in a narrow homogeneous lake, 1.3 Influence of bottom slip on the wind-induced circulation, 1.4 Wind-induced steady circulation in a narrow lake stratified in two layers, 1.5 General reponse of a narrow lake to wind, 2. Ekman's theory and its applications, 2.1 Ekman spiral, 2.2 Distributions of vertical eddy viscosity, 2.3 Extension of Ekman's theory to determine wind-driven currents in a shallow sea or lake: steady state, 2.4 Ekman's approach applied to determine the time-dependent wind-driven currents in a shallow sea or lake, 3. Spectral approach, 3.1 Wind-induced motion: homogeneous water, 3.2 Wind-induced motion: continuous stratified water of constant depth" } Hendershott, M. C., "Long waves and ocean tides," In _Evolution of Physical Oceanography_, Bruce A. Warren, Carl Wunsch, eds., MIT, 1981, pp. 292-341. 1. Introduction 2. Astronomical tide-generating forces 3. Laplace's tidal equations (LTE) and the long-wave equations 4. Long waves in the ocean a. Introduction b. Long waves in uniformly rotating flat-bottomed oceans c. The effect of density stratification on long waves d. Rossby and planetary waves e. The equatorial beta-plane f. Barotropic waves over bottom relief g. Long waves over relief with rotation and stratification h. Free oscillations of ocean basins 5. The ocean surface tide a. Why ocean tides are of scientific interest b. Partial models of ocean tides c. Global tidal models 6. Internal tides a. Introduction b. Generation mechanisms c. Observations d. Internal tides and the tidal energy budget e. Internal tides and ocean stirring 7. Tidal studies and the rest of oceanography Hendershott, M. C., "Single layer models of the general circulation," In _General Circulation of the Ocean_, H.D.I. Abarbanel, W.R. Young, eds., Springer-Verlag, N.Y., 1987, pp. 202-267. 1.1 Introduction 1.2 From the sphere to the beta plane 1.3 Linear models 1.4 Quasigeostrophy 1.5 Ekman layers 1.6 The quasigeostrophic potential vorticity equation 1.7 Layered models 2.1 The Sverdrup balance 2.2 The Stommel problem 2.3 The Munk problem 2.4 Comparison with observations 2.5 Nonlinear perturbation of the linear problem 2.6 Free nonlinear solutions and inertial boundary layers 2.7 The nonlinear Stommel problem 2.8 The nonlinear Munk problem 2.9 Abyssal circulation 2.10 Effects of relief 3.1 Impulsively started midlatitude flow 3.2 Rossby waves in a rectangular midlatitude basin 3.3 The midlatitude initial value problem 3.4 The relationship between transient and steady midlatitude flows 3.5 Free waves in the tropics 3.6 The tropical initial value problem 3.7 The relationship between transient and steady tropical flows Hendershott, Myrl C., "Physical and hydrodynamic factors," In _Ocean Engineering: Goals, Environment, Technology_, Wiley, 1968, pp. 202-258. 1. Salinity and temperature distributions; stratification; thermohaline circulation 2. The wind-driven circulation 3. Waves; wind waves; tsunami; storm surges; tides; internal waves; inertial motions 4. Waves on a beach 5. Acoustic phenomena Hendershott, M., and W. Munk, "Tides," Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech., Vol. 2, 1970, pp. 205-224. Henderson, Harry W., and Robert Wells, "Obtaining attractor dimensions from meterological time series," Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 30, 1988, pp. 205-237. 1. Introduction 2. Basis of model reconstruction a. Concepts b. Attractor dimensions 3. Calculation of attractor dimensions a. Correlation dimension b. Limit capacity c. Conclusion @inproceedings{herring:1985, Author = "Herring, Jackson R.", Title = "An introduction and overview of various theoretical approaches to turbulence", Booktitle = "Theoretical Approaches to Turbulence", Editor = "D. L. Dwoyer and M. Y. Hussaini and R. G. Voight", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1985", Pages = "73--89", TOC = " 1. Introductory comments, 2. Two-point closure, 3. Application of closure to thermal convection, 4. Comments on sub-grid methods: Relation to closure" } @Incollection{hibler-flato:1992, Author = "William D. Hibler, III and Gregory M. Flato", Title = "Sea ice models", Booktitle = "Climate System Modeling", Editor = "Kevin E. Trenberth", Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press", Year = "1992", Pages = "413--436", Note = " 12.1 Introduction, 12.2 Sea ice dynamics, 12.3 Ice thickness distribution models, 12.4 Sea ice thermodynamic models, 12.5 Summary" } Hide, R., "General introduction: the dynamics of rotating fluids," In _Rotating Fluids in Geophysics_, P. H. Roberts, A. M. Sowards, eds., Academic Press, N.Y., 1978, pp. 1-28. 1. Introduction 2. Some useful theoretical results 3. Flows due to oscillatory mechanical forcing 4. Steady source-sink flows 5. Thermally-driven flows due to an impressed horizontal temperature gradient @article{hlawatsch-boudreaux-bartels:1992, Author = "Hlawatsch, F. and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels", Title = "Linear and quadratic time-frequency signal representations", Journal = "IEEE Signal Processing Magazine", Volume = "?", Year = "1992", Month = "apr", Pages = "21--67", Keyword = "signal processing, time-frequency signal representations", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 2. Time domain and frequency domain, a. Instantaneous frequency and group delay, b. Time-frequency representations, 3. Linear time-frequency representations, a. The short-time Fourier transform, b. The wavelet transform, 4. Quadratic time-frequency representations, a. Energetic and correlative time-frequency representations, b. The quadratic superposition principle, c. Wigner distribution and ambiguity function, d. Shift-invariant time-frequency representations, e. Affine time-frequency representations, f. Shift-scale invariant TFRs, g. Signal-adaptive SWDs and TFRs with higher-order nonlinearity, 5. Simulations and applications, a. Interference terms of the spectrogram, scalogram, and WD, b. Interference attenuation in shift-scale invariant SWDs, c. Comparison of smoothed WD versions, d. Bat sonar signals, e. Bio-acoustical sounds, f. Acoustical field surrounding a submerged spherical shell, g. Speech analysis, h. Time-varying filtering and signal separation, 6. Conclusion" } Hogben, Neil, "Long term wave statistics," In _The Sea, Vol. 9, Part A: Ocean Engineering Science_, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1990, pp. 293-333. 1. Introduction 2. Sources of data a. Instrumental data b. Hindcast data c. Visual data 3. General wave climate data a. Height and period statistics b. Wave spectra c. Directionality 4. Extreme events a. Some basic principles of extreme value analysis b. Extreme wave heights c. Extreme storms d. Joint probability extremes 5. Persistence data a. Estimation of persistence data b. Simulation of time sequence data 6. Concluding remarks Holland, William R., "Simulation of mesoscale ocean variability in mid-latitude gyres," Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 28A, 1985, pp. 479-523. 1. Introduction 2. The observations 3. Eddy-resolved ocean models a. Two-layer experiments b. Three-layer experiments c. Eight-layer experiments 4. Speculations and conclusions Holland, W. R., "The general circulation of the ocean and its modeling," Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, Vol. 3, 1979, pp. 111-142. Holland, W. R., "Ocean circulation models," In _The Sea, Vol. ?, E. D. Goldberg et al., eds., 1977, pp. ?. Holloway, Greg, "Eddies, waves, circulation, and mixing: statistical geofluid mechanics," Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., Vol. 18, 1986, pp. 91-147. 1. Introduction 2. Geofluid evolution in probability 3. Equilibrium statistical mechanics 4. Disequilibrium statistical mechanics 5. Illustrations a. Two-dimensional turbulence on a plane and on a sphere b. Beta-plane turbulence c. Geostrophic turbulence above topography d. Closed-basin circulation and western intensification e. The shape of the thermocline f. Baroclinic turbulence; eddy heat transport g. "Equatorial funneling" h. Predictability i. Stirring of tracer fields j. Plankton patchiness 6. Summary and outlook Holm, D. D., "Nonlinear stability of ideal fluid equilibria," In _Nonlinear Topics in Ocean Physics_, A. R. Osborne, ed., North-Holland, 1991, pp. 133-173. 1. Introduction 2. The stability algorithm 3. Two-dimensional barotropic flow 3.1 Equations of motion and Hamiltonian 3.2 Constants of motion 3.3 First variation 3.4 Convexity estimates 3.5 A priori estimates 3.6 Nonlinear stability 4. Hamiltonian structure for two-dimensional hydrodynamics with nonlinear dispersion 5. Modified quasi-geostrophic flow 5.1 Equations of motion and Hamiltonian 5.2 Constants of motion 5.3 First variation 5.4 Convexity estimates 5.5 A priori estimates 6. Final remarks 6.1 Applicability of the method 6.2 Conditional stability @inproceedings{holmes:1990, Author = "Holmes, P.", Title = "Can dynamical systems approach turbulence?", Booktitle = "Whither Turbulence? Turbulence at the Crossroads", Editor = "Lumley, J. L.", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1990", Pages = "195--312", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Dynamical systems, 3. Bifurcation in a closed flow system, 4. Coherent structures in open flows, 5. The proper orthogonal decomposition, 6. Galerkin projections, and energy loss to neglected modes, 7. An example: low dimensional models of the wall region, 7.1 Form of the equations, symmetries and nested hierarchies of models, 7.2 O(2)-equivalence and heteroclinic cycles, 7.3 Global stability and bifurcation diagrams, 7.4 The effect of subtracting and adding modes, 7.5 Addition of n(t): coupling between the inner and outer layer, 7.6 Implications of the wall layer, 8. Inertial manifolds and applicability of the proper orthogonal decomposition, 9. Conclusion, Comment 1 - H. K. Moffatt, Comment 2 - H. Aref Comment 3 - K. R. Sreenivasan, Discussion, Author's closure - P. Holmes" } @article{holsapple:1993, Author = "Holsapple, K. A.", Title = "The scaling of impact processes in planetary sciences", Journal = "Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.", Volume = "21", Year = "1993", Pages = "333--373", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 1.1 Experiment of impacts, 1.2 Calculations of impacts, 1.3 Theoretical solutions, 2. Historical approaches, 3. Point-source solutions, 4. Scaling laws for cratering, 4.1 Crater volume, 4.2 Ejecta, 4.3 Crater depth and radius, 4.4 The dynamics of crater formation, 5. Catastrophic impacts, 6. Concluding remarks" } Holton, J., "The dynamic meteorology of the stratosphere and mesosphere," Meteorol. Monogr., Vol. 15, 1975, pp. 1-216. @incollection{hopfinger:1992a, Author = "Hopfinger, E. J.", Title = "General concepts and examples of rotating fluids", Booktitle = "Rotating Fluids in Geophysical and Industrial Applications", Editor = "E. J. Hopfinger", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1992", Pages = "3--12", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Phenomena particular to rotation, 3. Some illustrations of rotation effects" } @incollection{hopfinger:1992b, Author = "Hopfinger, E. J.", Title = "Parameters, scales and geostrophic balance", Booktitle = "Rotating Fluids in Geophysical and Industrial Applications", Editor = "E. J. Hopfinger", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1992", Pages = "15--25", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Parameters and geostrophic balance, 3. Beta effect and rotational stiffness, 4. Turbulence scales" } @incollection{hopfinger:1992c, Author = "Hopfinger, E. J.", Title = "Two-dimensional barotropic and baroclinic vortices", Booktitle = "Rotating Fluids in Geophysical and Industrial Applications", Editor = "E. J. Hopfinger", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1992", Pages = "259--281", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Stability of barotropic vortices, 3. Merger of barotropic vortices, 4. Structure of two-layer stratified vortices, 5. Merging of baroclinic vortices, 6. Numerical simulations of merging of baroclinic vortices" } @incollection{hopfinger:1992d, Author = "Hopfinger, E. J.", Title = "Baroclinic turbulence", Booktitle = "Rotating Fluids in Geophysical and Industrial Applications", Editor = "E. J. Hopfinger", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1992", Pages = "359--369", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Potential vorticity and energy conservation, 3. Two-layer stratified geostrophic turbulence, 4. An experiment of baroclinic turbulence" } Hopfinger, E. J., and G. J. F. van Heijst, "Vortices in rotating fluids," Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., Vol. 25, 1993, pp. 241-289. 1. Introduction 2. Barotropic vortices 2.1 Vortex structure 2.2 Spin-down of barotropic vortices 2.3 Instability of barotropic vortices 2.4 Topography effects 3. Vortex interactions 3.1 Merging of vortices 3.2 Axisymmetrization 4. Two-layer stratified vortices 4.1 Baroclinic vortex structure 4.2 Baroclinic vortex interactions 4.3 Merging and alignment conditions 4.4 Instability of baroclinic vortices 5. Vortices in the presence of mean shear 6. Vorticity concentration 6.1 Observation of vorticity concentration 6.2 Models of vortex formation 7. Concluding remarks Hoskins, B. J., "Inhomogeneous fluids in rotation: baroclinic instability and frontogenesis," In _Rotating Fluids in Geophysics_, P. H. Roberts, A. M. Sowards, eds., Academic Press, N.Y., 1978, pp. 171-204. 1. Introduction 2. Symmetric baroclinic instability 3. Brief sketch of non-linear quasi-geostrophic theory 4. Fronts 5. Baroclinic waves: some effects of full non-linearity and spherical geometry Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre and A. W. Robertson, "On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps," Quarterly Journal of the Roy. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 111, 1985, pp. 877-946. 1. Introduction and historical review 2. Isentropic potential vorticity maps from routine analysis 3. Some simple examples, following Kleinschmidt 4. On the cancellation of horizontal advection by vertical motion 5. Anomalies at the lower boundary, and the invertibility principle for general, time-dependent flow 6. Rossby waves and shear instabilities 7. The maintenance and dissipation of cutoff cyclones and blocking anticyclones 8. Further remarks about cutoff systems and air masses 9. Concluding remarks Houghton, John, "The predictability of weather and climate," Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Vol. 337A, 1991, pp. 521-572. 1. Introduction 2. Weather forecasting models 3. Data and data assimilation 4. The atmosphere as a chaotic system 5. Model predictability 6. Improvement in initial data 7. Variations in forecast skill 8. Ensemble forecasting 9. Model developments 10. Influence of the ocean boundary 11. The climate system 12. The greenhouse effect 13. Other forcing factors 14. Feedbacks in the climate system 15. Climate modelling 16. CLoud-radiation feedback 17. Ocean-circulation feedback 18. How can coupled atmosphere-ocean models be improved? 19. Is the ocean circulation stable? 20. How chaotic is the climate? @inproceedings{howard:1979, Author = "Howard, L. N.", Title = "Nonlinear oscillations", Booktitle = "Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology", Editor = "Frank C. Hoppensteadt", Publisher = "American Math. Soc., Prov., RI", Series = "Lectures in Applied Mathematics", Number = "17", Year = "1979", Pages = "1--67", Note = " I. Examples of conservative and dissipative oscillators, II. Hopf bifurcations, III. Construction of weakly nonlinear periodic solutions, IV. Diffusive instability and relaxation oscillations, V. Unstable periodic solutions and wave trains; Fitzhugh-Nagumo model; Flatto-Levison theorem, VI. A model of a chemical reaction, VII. Reaction-duffusion wave trains and slowly varying waves, VIII. Boundaries between regions of slow variation, IX. Group velocity, `spiral' and `center' wave patterns, X. Singular and actual center patterns; finite regions" } @incollection{hsu:1990, Author = "Hsu, John R. C.", Title = "Short-crested waves", Booktitle = "Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering - Volume 1: Wave Phenomena and Coastal Structures", Editor = "John B. Herbich", Publisher = "Gulf Publishing Co., Houston", Year = "1990", Pages = "95--174", Note = " 1. Introduction, 2. Wave theory by perturbation, 3. Wave kinematics, 4. The interior, 5. The bottom layer" } Huang, N. E., C.-C. Tung, and S. R. Long, "Wave spectra," In _The Sea, Vol. 9, Part A: Ocean Engineering Science_, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1990, pp. 197-237. 1. Introduction 2. Definitions of ocean wave spectra 3. One-dimensional wave energy spectra models a. Empirical spectral models b. Analytic spectral models 4. Directional spectral functions 5. Conclusion Huang, N. E., C.-C. Tung, and S. R. Long, "The probability structure of the ocean surface," In _The Sea, Vol. 9, Part A: Ocean Engineering Science_, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1990, pp. 335-366. 1. Introduction 2. Gaussian models a. Surface elevation, amplitude, and extrema b. The joint amplitude and frequency distribution c. The frequency distribution d. The group statistics e. Other wave field statistics 3. Nongaussian models a. Surface elevation, amplitude, and extrema distributions b. Joint elevation and slope distribution c. Slope distribution d. Joint specular point and elevation distribution e. Threshold crossing f. Probability of wave breaking 4. Some observed probability density functions 5. Conclusion @article{hunt.g:1983, Author = "Hunt, G. E.", Title = "The atmospheres of the outer planets", Journal = "Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.", Volume = "11", Year = "1983", Pages = "415--459" } @article{hunt.j-vassilicos:1991, Author = "Hunt, J. C. R., and J. C. Vassilicos", Title = "Kolmogorov's contributions to the physical and geometrical understanding of small--scale turbulence and recent developments", Journal = "Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A", Volume = "434", Year = "1991", Pages = "183--210", Keyword = "turbulence, Kolmogorov, Note = " 1. Kolmogorov's papers: review and comments, 2. Observing and interpreting the results and assumptions of Kolmogorov's theory, a. Formulating questions, b. Measurements and computations of small-scale turbulence, c. Forms of velocity fields consistent with the theory, d. Dynamical implications of the inertial range spectra, e. Other measures of local eddy structure, 3. Extensions and applications of Kolmogorov's hypotheses, a. Local statistics or interactions with large scales?, b. Timescales and lagrangian and eulerian frequency spectra, c. Interactions between small scales and large-scale dynamical effects" } Hussain, A. K. M. F., "Coherent structures: reality and myth," Phys. Fluids, Vol. 26, 1983, pp. 2816-2850. @article{hussaini-zang:1987, Author = "Hussaini, M. Y. and T. A. Zang", Title = "Spectral methods in fluid dynamics", Journal = ARFM, Volume = "19", Pages = "339--367", Keyword = "numerical methods, spectral methods, fluid dynamics", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 2. Fundamentals, 3. Inviscid flow, 4. Boundary layer, 5. Navier-Stokes flow, 5.1 Homogeneous turbulence, 5.2 Linear stability, 5.3 Transition, 5.4 Inhomogeneous turbulence, 5.5 More realistic geometries, 5.6 Spectral/finite-difference and quasi-spectral models, 6. Reacting flows, 7. Perspective" } Huthnance, J. M., "Waves and currents near the continental shelf edge," Prog. Oceanog., Vol. 10, 1981, pp. 193-226. 1. Introduction 2. Water masses 3. Long-period waves 4. Upwelling 5. Eddies 6. Inertial motions 7. Kelvin and edge waves 8. Barotropic tides 9. Internal tides 10. Internal waves 11. Mixing 12. Discussion Huthnance, J. M., L. A. Mysak, and D.-P. Wang, "Coastal trapped waves," In _Baroclinic processes on continental shelves," C.N.K. Mooers, ed., AGU, Washington, D.C., 1986, pp. 1-18. 1. Introduction 2. Formulation 3. Waves on a straight unstratified shelf 4. Other geometry 5. Stratification 6. Mean flows 7. Nonlinear effects 8. Longshore variations 9. Generation and dissipation 10. Observations 11. The role of shelf waves 12. Outlook Huthnance, J. M., "Effects of longshore shelf variations on barotropic continental shelf waves, slope currents and ocean modes," Prog. Oceanog., Vol. 19, 1987, pp. 177-220. 1. Introduction 2. Formulation 3. Ocean-shelf separation 4. Ocean modes - Kelvin waves 5. Shelf motion, curvature and convergence 6. Shelf motion: changes of depth profile 7. Discussion 8. Conclusions @incollection{hutter:1984, Author = "Hutter, K.", Title = "Fundamental equations and approximations", Booktitle = "Hydrodynamics of Lakes", Editor = "K. Hutter", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1984", Series = "CISM Courses and Lectures", Number = "286", Pages = "1--37", TOC = " 1. Introduction, 2. Field equations and boundary conditions, 2.1 The basic field equations, 2.2 Boundary conditions, 3. Basic approximations, 3.1 Hydrostatic equations of motion and Boussinesq assumption, 3.2 Adiabaticity, 3.3 Linear approximations, 3.4 Vertically integrated transport equations, 3.5 Remarks on turbulent closure conditions, 4. Vorticity and potential vorticity equations, 4.1 The vorticity equation, 4.2 The potential vorticity, 5. Two-layer shallow water equations" } @incollection{hutter:1984, Author = "Hutter, K.", Title = "Linear gravity waves, Kelvin waves and Poincar{\'e} waves, theoretical modeling and observations", Booktitle = "Hydrodynamics of Lakes", Editor = "K. Hutter", Publisher = "Springer-Verlag", Year = "1984", Series = "CISM Courses and Lectures", Number = "286", Pages = "39--80", TOC = " 1. Preliminary remarks, 2. Plane waves in a rotating stratified fluid, 3. Characteristic long wavelength wave solutions, 3.1 Free waves in a stratified Boussinesq fluid, 3.2 Vertical mode structure for constant depth, 3.3 The two-layer model, 3.4 Kelvin waves, 3.5 Poincar{\'e} waves in channels, 3.6 Reflection from the end of a wall, 4. The eigenvalue problem for an enclosed basin, 5. Channel models, 5.1 A Chrystal-type two-layer model, 5.2 Extended channel models--general concept, 5.3 Extended channel models--surface gravity waves, 6. Comparison with observations, 6.1 Surface seiches, 6.2 Internal wave dynamics in small lakes (gravity waves), 6.3 Evidence of Kelvin waves and Poincar{\'e} waves" } Huyer, Adriana, "Shelf circulation," Huang, N. E., C.-C. Tung, and S. R. Long, "Wave spectra," In _The Sea, Vol. 9, Part A: Ocean Engineering Science_, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1990, pp. 423-466. 1. Introduction 2. Basic physical concepts 3. Seasonal or steady flow a. Coastal upwelling and downwelling 4. Fluctuating currents a. Frictionally dominated flow (shallow shelves) b. Coastal-trapped waves 5. Concluding remarks Hwang, Kai, "Advanced parallel processing with supercomputer architectures," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 75, 1987, pp. 1348-1379. 1. Introduction a. Evolution of modern supercomputers b. Performance measures and benchmarking c. Advanced architectural choices 2. Parallel languages and compiling techniques a. Concurrent programming languagues b. Vectorization and migration techniques c. Multiprocessing and multitasking d. Intelligent compiler and directives 3. New architecture and concurrency control a. Processor scheduling and activity control b. Interprocessor communications schemes c. Memory hierarchy and access methods d. I/O multiprocessing and front end e. Process migration and load balancing 4. Programming and application software a. User-friendly programming environments b. Techniques of concurrent programming c. Mapping algorithms onto parallel architectures d. Mathematical software and application packages 5. The future of supercomputers a. Optical computing and neurocomputers b. Towards a science of parallel computation 6. Conclusions