%RRRR 

@article{rach-adomian-etal:1992,
 Author = "Rach, R., G. Adomian, and R. E. Meyers"
 Title = "A modified decomposition"
 Journal = "Computers Math. Applic."
 Volume = "23"
 Year = "1992"
 Pages =  "17--23" }

@article{radick:1994,
 Title = "Stellar variability and global warming",
 Author = "Radick, R. R.",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "266",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "1072" }

@incollection{raichlen:1966,
 Title = "Harbor resonance",
 Author = "Raichlen, F.",
 Booktitle = "Estuary and Coastline Hydrodynamics",
 Editor = "Ippen, A. T.",
 Publisher = "McGraw-Hill Book Co.",
 Year = "1966",
 Pages = "281--340" }

@article{railsback-ackerly-etal:1990,
 Title = "Palaeontological and isotope evidence for warm saline deep
   waters in {Ordovician} oceans",
 Author = "Railsback, L. B. and S. C. Ackerly and T. F. Anderson
   and J. L. Cisne",
 Journal = "Nature",
 Volume = "343",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "156--159" }

@article{rainey:1977,
 Title = "The dynamics of tethered platforms",
 Author = "Rainey, R. C. T.",
 Journal = "?",
 Volume = "?",
 Year = "1977",
 Pages = "59--80" }

@article{rajagopalan:1992,
 Author = "Rajagopalan, Shanti",
 Title = "'Lambert_Grid' - A program for converting geographic coordinates
     to grid coordinates and vice-versa",
 Journal = "Computers & Geoscience",
 Volume = "18",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages =  "349-366" }

@article{ramanathan-coakley:1978,
 Title = "Climate modeling through radiative-convective models",
 Author = "Ramanathan, V. and J. A. {Coakley, Jr.}",
 Journal = "Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.",
 Volume = "16",
 Year = "1978",
 Pages = "465--489",
 Abstract = "Reviews radiative-convective models (1-D vertical), which
   have been used extensively (before the advent of GCMs) to study
   greenhouse changes." }

@article{ramanathan-barkstrom-etal:1989,
 Title = "Climate and the {E}arth's radiation budget",
 Author = "Ramanathan, V. and B. R. Barkstrom and E. F. Harrison",
 Journal = "Physics Today",
 Volume = "42",
 Year = "1989",
 Pages = "22--32" }

@article{ramanathan-callis-etal:1987,
 Title = "Climate-chemical interactions and effects of changing atmospheric
  trace gases",
 Author = "Ramanathan, V. and L. Callis and R. Cess and J. Hansen and
   I. Isaksen and W. Kuhn and A. Lacis and F. Luther and J. Mahlman and
   R. Reck and M. Schlesinger",
 Journal = "Rev. Geophys.",
 Volume = "25",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "1441--1482",
 Abstract = "A comprehensive and useful reference with attention paid to
   the roles of radiative physics, dynamics and chemistry.  Discusses
   direct radiative effects of trace gases on climate and the indirect
   climate effects of various chemical and dynamical interactions.
   Outlines factors that influence the long-term trends of tropospheric
   and stratospheric ozone and methane, and stratospheric H2O, among
   other important gases [From Handel and Risbey (1992)]." }

@article{ramanathan-cess-etal:1989,
 Title = "Cloud-radiative forcing and climate:  {Results from the
   Earth Radiation Budget Experiment}",
 Author = "Ramanathan, V. and R. D. Cess and E. F. Harrison and
   P. Minnis and B. R. Barkstrom and E. Ahmad and D. Hartmann",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "243",
 Year = "1989",
 Pages = "57--63" }

@article{ramanathan-cicerone-etal:1985,
 Title = "Trace gas trends and their potential role in climate change",
 Author = "Ramanathan, V. and R. J. Cicerone and H. B. Singh and
   J. T. Kiehl",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "90",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "5547--5566" }

@article{ramanathan-subsilar-etal:1995,
 Title = "Warm pool heat budget and shortwave cloud forcing:  {A} missing
   physics?",
 Author = "Ramanathan, V. and B. Subsilar and G. J. Zhang and W. Conant
   and R. D. Cess and J. T. Kiehl and H. Grassl and L. Shi",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "267",
 Year = "1995",
 Pages = "499--503" }

@article{randall:1994,
 Author = "Randall, David A.",
 Title = "Geostrophic adjustment and the finite-difference shallow-water
   equations",
 Journal = "MWR",
 Volume = "122",
 Pages = "1371--1377",
 Keyword = "numerical methods, geostrophic adjustment",
 Abstract = "Numerical simulation of geostrophic adjustment in shallow
    water is performed on an unstaggered grid for vorticity, divergence,
    and mass.  The dispersion equation is shown to be very well behaved
    and superior to that obtained with the Arakawa A through E grids." }

@article{rant:1956,
 Title = "Exergie, ein neues {Wort} f{\" u}r technische
   Arbeitsf{\" a}higkeit",
 Author = "Rant, Z.",
 Journal = "Forsch. Ingenieurwes",
 Volume = "22",
 Year = "1956",
 Pages = "36--37" }

@article{rasch:1994,
 Author = "Rasch, Philip J.",
 Title = "Conservative shape-preserving two-dimensional transport on
    a spherical reduced grid",
 Journal = "MWR",
 Volume = "122",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "1337--1350",
 Keyword = "numerical methods, flux corrected transport, spherical grids" }

@article{raschke-schmetz-etal:1990,
 Title = "{The International Cirrus Experiment (ICE):  A joint
   European effort}",
 Author = "Raschke, E. and J. Schmetz adn J. Heitzenberg and
   R. Kandel and R. Saunders",
 Journal = "ESA Journal",
 Volume = "14",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "193--199" }

@article{rastetter-ryan-etal:1991,
 Title = "A general biogeochemical model describing the responses
   of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to
   changes in {CO$_2$}, climate and nitrogen deposition",
 Author = "Rastetter, E. B. and M. G. Ryan and G. R. Shaver and
   J. M. Melillo and K. J. Nadelhoffer and J. E. Hobbie and
   J. D. Aber",
 Journal = "Tree Physiology",
 Volume = "9",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "101--126" }

@article{rattray-hansen:1962,
 Author = "Rattray, Maurice, Jr. and Donald V. Hansen",
 Title = "A similarity solution for circulation in an estuary",
 Journal = "J. Mar. Res.",
 Volume = "20",
 Year = "1962",
 Pages =  "121--133",
 Keyword = "estuary dynamics" }

@article{raymo:1994,
 Author = "Raymo, M. E.",
 Title = "The initiation of {Northern Hemisphere} glaciation",
 Journal = "Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.",
 Volume = "22",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "353--383" }

@article{raymo-rau:1995,
 Title = "Mid-Pliocene warmth:  {Stronger} greenhouse and stronger
   conveyor",
 Author = "Raymo, M. E. and G. H. Rau",
 Journal = "Mar. Micropaleontol.",
 Volume = "(in press)",
 Year = "1995" }

@article{raymond:1992,
 Author = "Raymond, D. J.",
 Title = "Nonlinear balance and potential-vorticity thinking at large Rossby
     number",
 Journal = "Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.",
 Volume = "118",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages =  "987--1115" }

@article{rea:1994,
 Title = "The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition
    in the deep sea:  {T}he geologic history of wind",
 Author = "Rea, David K.",
 Journal = "Rev. Geophys",
 Volume = "32",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "159--195" }

@article{rea-etal:1985,
 Title = "Geologic approach to the long--term history of
   atmospheric circulation",
 Author = "Rea, D. K. and M. Leinen and T. R. Janacek",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "227",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "721--725" }

@incollection{redfield-ketchum-etal:1963,
 Title = "The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water",
 Author = "Redfield, A. C. and B. H. Ketchum and F. A. Richards",
 Booktitle = "The Sea, Vol. 2",
 Editor = "M. N. Hill",
 Publisher = "Interscience",
 Year = "1963",
 Pages = "26--77" }

@article{redi:1982,
 Author = "Redi, Martha H.",
 Title = "Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation",
 Journal = "J. Phys. Oceanog.",
 Volume = "12",
 Year: "1982",
 Pages =  "1154--1158",
 Abstract = "Current numerical models of ocean circulation differentiate
   between the eddy diffusion and viscosity transport along the geopotential
   horizontal and vertical directions only.  To model the effect of anisotropic
   turbulence as diffusive transport along and across density surfaces, the
   isopycnal mixing tensor has been transformed from a diagonal second-rank
   tensor in the isopycnal coordinate system to a tensor containing 
   off-diagonal elements in the geopotential coordinate system." }

@book{reid.j:1965,
 Title = "Intermediate Waters of the Pacific Ocean",
 Author = "Reid, Joseph L.",
 Publisher = "Johns Hopkins",
 Year = "1965",
 Series = "Oceanography Studies",
 Volume = "2" }

@incollection{reid.j:1981,
 Author = "Reid, Joseph L.",
 Title = "On the mid--depth circulation of the world ocean",
 Booktitle = "Evolution of Physical Oceanography",
 Editor = "C. Wunsch and B. Warren",
 Publisher = "MIT Press",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages = "70-111" }

@article{reid.j:1986,
 Title = "On the total geostrophic circulation of the {South Pacific}
   Ocean:  flow patterns, tracers, and transports",
 Author = "Reid, J. L.",
 Journal = "Prog. Oceanog.",
 Volume = "16",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "1--61" }

@article{reid.j:1989,
 Title = "On the total geostrophic circulation of the {South Atlantic}
   Ocean:  flow patterns, tracers, and transports",
 Author = "Reid, J. L.",
 Journal = "Prog. Oceanog.",
 Volume = "23",
 Year = "1989",
 Pages = "149--244" }

@article{reid.j:1994,
 Title = "On the total geostrophic circulation of the {North Atlantic}
   Ocean:  flow patterns, tracers and transports",
 Author = "Reid, J. L.",
 Journal = "Prog. Oceanog.",
 Volume = "33",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "1--92" }

@article{reid.j-nowlin:1971,
 Title = "Transport of water through the {Drake Passage}",
 Author = "Reid, Joseph L. and Worth D. Nowlin",
 Journal = "Deep--Sea Res.",
 Volume = "18",
 Year = "1971",
 Pages = "51--64" }

@article{reid.r:1948a,
 Title = "The equatorial currents of the {Eastern Pacific} as maintained
   by the stress of the wind",
 Author = "Reid, Robert O.",
 Journal = "J. Marine Res.",
 Volume = "7",
 Year = "1948",
 Pages = "74--99" }

@article{reid.r:1948b,
 Title = "A model of the vertical structure of mass in equatorial
   wind--driven currents of a baroclinic ocean",
 Author = "Reid, Robert O.",
 Journal = "J. Marine Res.",
 Volume = "7",
 Year = "1948",
 Pages = "304--312" }

@article{reid.r:1959,
 Title = "Evidence of a {South Equatorial Countercurrent} in the
   {Pacific Ocean}",
 Author = "Reid, J. L.",
 Journal = "Nature",
 Volume = "184",
 Year = "1959",
 Pages = "209--210" }

@article{reid.r:1971,
 Title = "A special case of {Phillips'} general theory of sampling
   statistics for a layered medium",
 Author = "Reid, Robert O.",
 Journal = "J. Phys. Oceanogr.",
 Volume = "1",
 Year = "1971",
 Pages = "61--62" }

@incollection{reid.r:1990,
 Title = "Tides and storm surges",
 Author = "Reid, R. O.",
 Booktitle = "Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering.  Volume I:
   Wave Phenomena and Coastal Structures",
 Editor = "Herbich, John B.",
 Publisher = "Gulf Publishing Co.",
 Location = "Houston, Texas",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "533--590" }

@incollection{reid.r-vastano-etal:1977,
 Title = "Experiments in storm surge simulation",
 Author = "Reid, R. O. and A. C. Vastano and R. E. Whitaker
   and J. J. Wanstrath",
 Booktitle = "The Sea.  Vol. 6:  Marine Modeling",
 Editor = "Goldberg, Edward D.",
 Publisher = "Wiley",
 Year = "1977",
 Pages = "117--144" }

@article{reid.john:1992,
 Author = "Reid, John",
 Title = "The advantages of Fortran 90",
 Journal = "Computing", 
 Volume = "48",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages =  "219--238",
 Abstract = "A brief review of the features and advantages of Fortran 90." }

@incollection{reinhardt:1985,
 Author = "Reinhardt, William P.",
 Title = "Classical chaos, the geometry of phase space, and semiclassical
   quantization",
 Booktitle = "Mathematical Analysis of Physical Systems",
 Editor = "Ronald E. Mickins",
 Publisher = "Van Nostrand Reinhold",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "169--245",
 LOC = "QC 20 M36 1985" }

@incollection{revelle-fairbridge:1957,
 Title = "Carbonates and carbon dioxide",
 Author = "Revelle, Roger and Rhodes Fairbridge",
 Booktitle = "Treatise of Marine Ecology and Paleoecology.  Vol. 1:
   Ecology",
 Editor = "Hedgpeth, J. W.",
 Publisher = "Geological Society of America",
 Year = "1957",
 Pages = "239--296" }

@article{rhines:1970,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "Edge-, bottom-, and rossby waves in a rotating stratified fluid",
 Journal = "Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
 Volume = "1",
 Year = "1970",
 Pages =  "272--302",
 Abstract = "In a rotating stratified fluid bounded by a single rigid
   wall, edge waves may occur at all frequencies less than or equal to
   a certain frequency.  In the low frequency limit the edge or bottom
   waves merge with topographic-planetary waves as the wavelengths
   increase with a depth-independent mode possible for wavelengths
   exceeding about 450 km." }

@incollection{rhines:1977,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "The dynamics of unsteady currents",
 Booktitle = "The Sea.  Vol. 6:  Marine Modeling",
 Editor = "E. D. Goldberg, I. N. McCave, J. J. O'Brien, and J. H. Steele",
 Publisher:  "John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.",
 Year = "1977",
 Pages =  "189--318",
 Abstract = "An account of the dynamics of quasi-geostrophic flows of a
   wavelike or turbulent nature.  Includes (1) a historical review,
   (2) kinematics, (3) characterization of various motions via their
   spectral signature, (4) a review of the lowest-order dynamics of
   a wedge-shaped analogue of a beta-plane ocean, (5) a review of
   topographic Rossby waves, (6) a treatment of nonlinear cascades that
   occur in a flat-bottomed ocean, (7) the additional effects thereon
   of a rough bottom and coastal boundaries, (8) a discussion of mean
   flows, and (9) a further discussion of recent observations of of
   sources and sinks." }

@article{rhines:1979,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "Geostrophic turbulence",
 Journal = "Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.",
 Volume = "11",
 Year = "1979",
 Pages =  "401--441",
 Abstract = "A review of geostrophic turbulence, the chaotic, nonlinear
   motion of fluids that are near to a state of geostrophic and hydrostatic
   balance.  Geostrophic turbulence tends to be very dependent on the
   details of the energy-containing eddies, and the forcing effects that
   created them.  A vast range of particular flow problems are relevant to the
   subject and a few are described here." }

@article{rhines:1983,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "Lectures in geophysical fluid dynamics",
 Booktitle = "Fluid Dynamics in Astrophysics and Geophysics (Lectures in Applied
   Mathematics, Vol. 20)",
 Publisher = "American Math. Soc.",
 Year = "1983",
 Pages =  "3--58",
 Abstract = "A series of five lectures that approach from a physical standpoint
   the motions of planetary fluids.  The topics are (1) an introduction, (2)
   derivation of the governing equations, (3) fundamental solutions to the
   equations, (4) cascades of energy and enstrophy and (5) geostrophic
   turbulence." }

@incollection{rhines:1986a,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "Mixing and large-scale ocean dynamics",
 Booktitle = "Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean",
 Editor = "J. Nihoul and B. Jammart",
 Publisher = "Elsevier, N.Y.",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages =  "263--284",
 Abstract = "A summary of various connections between small-scale ocean
   mixing and larger scale motions, with particular attention given to
   potential vorticity dynamics." }

@article{rhines:1986b,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "Vorticity dynamics of the oceanic general circulation",
 Journal = "Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.",
 Volume = "18",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages =  "433--497",
 Abstract = "This review describes the fluid mechanics that underlies the
   circulation of the oceans, especially the aspects of the vorticity dynamics
   of the oceans that are new, elementary, and widely applicable.  The
   potential vorticity q is the fundamental field variable for the circulation
   and for the eddy motions upon it.  Knowledge of q, of its boundary 
   conditions, and of the basic stratification of density is enough to
   determine the 3-D distribution of velocity and density perturbations in
   the fluid." }

@incollection{rhines:1986c,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B.",
 Title = "Lectures on ocean circulation dynamics",
 Booktitle = "Large-Scale Transport Processes in Oceans and Atmosphere",
 Editor = "J. Willebrand and D. L. T. Anderson",
 Publisher = "D. Reidel, Boston",
 Year = "1986,
 Pages = "105--159" }

@article{rhines:1989,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B."
 Title = "Deep planetary circulation and topography:  simple models of
     midocean flows"
 Journal = "Journal of Physical Oceanography"
 Volume = "19"
 Year = "1989"
 Pages =  "1449--1470" }

@article{rhines-holland:1979,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B. and William R. Holland",
 Title = "A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows",
 Journal = "DAO",
 Volume = "3",
 Year = "1979",
 Pages =  "289--325",
 Abstract = "An account of results on the induction of mean circulation
   by eddy processes (whether wave-like or turbulent)."

@article{rhines-young:1982,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B. and William R. Young",
 Title = "Homogenization of potential vorticity in planetary gyres",
 Journal = "J. Fluid Mech.",
 Volume = "122",
 Year = "1982",
 Pages =  "347--367",
 Abstract = "The mean circulation of planetary fluids tends to develop uniform
   potential vorticity q in regions where closed time-mean streamlines or 
   closed isolines of mean potential vorticity exist.  The homogenized regions
   occur where direct forcing by external stress of heating within the closed
   isoline is negligible upon the potential-density surface under
   consideration." }

@article{rhines-young:1983,
 Author = "Rhines, Peter B. and William R. Young",
 Title = "How rapidly is a passive scalar mixed within closed streamlines?",
 Journal = "J. Fluid Mech.",
 Volume = "133",
 Year = "1983",
 Pages =  "133--145",
 Abstract = "The homogenization of a passive tracer in a flow with closed
   mean streamlines occurs in two stages, (1) first, a rapid phase dominated
   by shear-augmented diffusion in which initial values of the tracer are
   replaced by their (generalized) average about a streamline and (2) a slow
   phase requiring the full diffusion time." }

@incollection{richards:1957,
 Title = "Oxygen in the ocean",
 Author = "Richards, Francis A.",
 Booktitle = "Treatise of Marine Ecology and Paleoecology.  Vol. 1:
   Ecology",
 Editor = "Hedgpeth, J. W.",
 Publisher = "Geological Society of America",
 Year = "1957",
 Pages = "185--238" }

@article{richardson:1993,
 Author = "Richardson, Philip L.",
 Title = "Tracking ocean eddies",
 Journal = "American Scientist",
 Volume = "81",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages =  "261--271",
 Abstract = "An article about how neutrally buoyant SOFAR floats reveal the
   strong eddy circulation near the Gulf Stream, the presence of Mediterranean
   water eddies, called meddies, and retroflection eddies in the equatorial
   region of the South Atlantic." }

@article{richardson-reverdin:1987,
 Title = "Seasonal cycle of velocity in the {Atlantic North Equatorial
    Countercurrent} as measured by surface drifters, current meters,
    and ship drifts",
 Author = "Richardson, P. and G. Reverdin",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "92",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "3691--3708" }

@article{richardson-mccartney-etal:1991,
 Title = "A serach for meddies in historical data",
 Author = "Richardson, P. L. and M. S. McCartney and C. Maillard",
 Journal = "Dyn. Atmos. Oceans",
 Volume = "15",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "241--265" }

@article{riedel-sidorenko:1994,
 Author = "Riedel, K.S. and A. Sidorenko",
 Title = "Function estimation using data-adaptive kernel smoothers--
   How much smoothing?",
 Journal = "Comp. Phys.",
 Volume = "8",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "402--409" }

@article{rienecker-mooers-etal:1985,
 Title = "A cool anomaly off northern California:  {An investigation
   using IR imagery and in situ data}",
 Author = "Rienecker, M. M. and C. N. K. Mooers and D. E. Hagan
   and A. R. Robinson",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "90",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "4807--4818" }

@inproceedings{riley-metcalf-etal:1981,
 Author = "Riley, James J. and Ralph W. Metcalfe and Michael A. Weissman",
 Title = "Direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence in
   density-stratified flows",
 Booktitle = "Nonlinear Properties of Internal Waves",
 Editor = "Bruce West",
 Publisher:  "Amer. Inst. of Physics",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages =  "79--112",
 Keyword = "internal waves, turbulence, direct numerical simulations" }

@article{rind:1986,
 Title = "The dynamics of warm and cold climates",
 Author = "Rind, D.",
 Journal = "J. Atmos. Sci.",
 Volume = "43",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "3--24" }

@article{rind:1987,
 Title = "Components of the ice age circulation",
 Author = "Rind, D.",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "92",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "4241--4281" }

@article{rind-chandler:1991,
 Title = "Increased ocean heat transport and warmer climate",
 Author = "Rind, D. and M. Chandler",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "96",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "7437--7461" }

@article{rind-overpeck:1993,
 Title = "Hypothesized causes of decade--to--century--scale climate
   variability:  {Climate} model results",
 Author = "Rind, D. and J. Overpeck",
 Journal = "Quat. Sci. Rev.",
 Volume = "12",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "357--374" }

@article{rind-peteet:1985,
 Title = "Terrestrial conditions at the last glacial maximum and
  {CLIMAP} sea--surface temperature estimates:  {Are} they
  consistent?",
 Author = "Rind, D. and D. Peteet",
 Journal = "Quat. Res.",
 Volume = "24",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "1--22" }

@article{rind-peteet:1989,
 Author = "Rind, D. and D. Peteet",
 Title = "Can Milankovitch orbital variations initiate the growth of ice
     sheets in a general circulation model?",
 Journal = "JGR",
 Volume = "94",
 Year = "1989",
 Pages =  "12,851--12,871" }

@article{rind-goldberg-etal:1990,
 Title = "Potential evapotranspiration and the likelihood of
   future drought",
 Author = "Rind, D. and R. Goldberg and J. Hansen and C. Rosenzweig
   and R. Ruedy",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "95",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "9983--10004" }

@article{rinne-jarvenoja:1986,
 Author = "Rinne, Juhani and Simo Jarvenoja",
 Title = "A rapid method of computing empirical orthogonal functions from
      a large dataset",
 Journal = "MWR",
 Volume = "114",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "2571--2577",
 Keywords = "EOF" }

@article{rintoul:1991,
 Title = "{South Atlantic} interbasin exchange",
 Author = "Rintoul, S. R.",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "96",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "2675--2692" }

@article{ripa:1991,
 Author = "Ripa, P.",
 Title = "General stability conditions for a multi-layer model",
 Journal = "JFM",
 Volume = "222",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "119--137" }

@article{ritchie:1988,
 Author = "Ritchie, Harold",
 Title = "Application of the semi-Lagrangian method to a spectral model
     of the shallow water equations",
 Journal = "MWR",
 Volume = "116",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages = "1587--1598" }

@article{robert-sommeria:1991,
 Author = "Robert, R. and J. Sommeria",
 Title = "Statistical equilibrium states for two-dimensional flows",
 Journal = "JFM",
 Volume = "229",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages =  "291--310",
 Abstract:  "We explain the emergence of organized structures in two-dimensional
   turbulent flows by a theory of equilibrium statistical mechanics.  This
   theory takes into account all the known constants of motion for the Euler
   equations.  The microscopic states are all the possible vorticity fields,
   while a macroscopic state is defined as a probability distribution of
   vorticity at each point in the domain, which describes in a statistical
   sense the fine-scale vorticity fluctuations.  The organized structure
   appears as a state of maximal entropy, with the constraints of all the
   constants of the motion.  The vorticity field obtained as the local
   average of this optimal macrostate is a steady solution of the Euler
   equation.  The variational problem provides an explicit relationship
   between stream function and vorticity, which characterizes this steady
   state.  Inertial structures in geophysical fluid dynamics can be predicted,
   using a generalization of the theory to potential vorticity." }

@article{roberts.a:1989,
 Author = "Roberts, A. J.",
 Title = "The utility of an invariant manifold description of the 
   evolution of a dynamic system",
 Journal = "SIAM J. Math. Anal",
 Volume = "6",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "1447--1458",
 Keyword = "nonlinear dynamics, manifolds, invariant manifolds" }

@article{roberts.j-cabral:1993,
 Title = "{ABRACOS: A} comparison of climate, soil moisture and
  physiological properties of forests and pastures in the
  {Amazon Basin}",
 Author = "Roberts, J. and O. M. R. Cabral",
 Journal = "Commonwealth For. Rev.",
 Volume = "72",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "310--315" }

@article{roberts.r-brown-etal:1991,
 Author = "Roberts, Randy S. and William A. Brown and Herschel H. Loomis, Jr.",
 Title = "Computationally efficient algorithms for cyclic spectral analysis",
 Journal = "IEEE Signal Processing Magazine",
 Volume = "?",
 Year = "1991",
 Month = "apr",
 Pages = "38--49",
 Keyword = "signal processing, cyclostationary signals" }

@incollection{robin:1986,
 Title = "Changing the sea level:  {P}rojecting the rise in sea level
   caused by warming in the atmosphere",
 Author = "Robin, G. deQ.",
 Booktitle = "The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems",
 Editor = "Bolin, Bert and Bo R. Doos and Jill Jager and Richard A.
   Warrick",
 Publisher = "Wiley",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "323--359",
 Abstract = "Reviews the many processes whereby temperature changes
   lead to sea level changes, including thermal expansion of sea
   water, glacial melting, increased snowfall on glaciers, changes
   in surface water, etc.  Discusses the global water balance
   and also possible catastrophic sea level changes.  From
   Handel and Risbey (1992)." }

@article{robinson-walstad:1987,
 Author = "Robinson, Allan R., and Leonard J. Walstad",
 Title = "The Harvard open ocean model:  Calibration and application to
   dynamical process, forecasting, and data assimilation studies",
 Journal = "Applied Num. Math.",
 Volume = "3",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "89--131" }

@article{robinson-malanotte-rizzoli-etal:1992,
 Title = "{General circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean}",
 Author = "Robinson, A. R. and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and et al.",
 Journal = "Earth--Science Reviews",
 Volume = "32",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages = "285--309" }

@incollection{robock:1991,
 Title = "The volcanic contribution to climate change of the past
   100 years",
 Author = "Robock, A.",
 Booktitle = "Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change:  A Critical
   Appraisal of Simulations and Observations",
 Editor = "M. E. Schlesinger",
 Publisher = "Elsevier",
 Pages = "429--444",
 Year = "1991" }

@incollection{robock-free:1996,
 Title = "The volcanic recrod in ice cores for the past 2000 years",
 Author = "Robock, A. and M. P. Free",
 Booktitle = "Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the
   Last 2000 Years",
 Editor = "Jones, P. D. and R. S. Bradley and J. Jouzel",
 Publisher = "Springer--Verlag",
 Year = "1996",
 Pages = "533--546" }

@article{robock-turco-etal:1993,
 Author = "Robock, Alan and Richard P. Turco and Mark A. Harwell and Thomas
   P. Ackerman and Rigoberto Andressen and Hsin-Shih Chang and M.V.K. 
   Sivakumar",
 Title = "Use of general circulation model output in the creation of
   climate change scenarios for impact analysis",
 Journal = "Climatic Change",
 Volume = "23",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages =  "293--335" }

@article{rodman-gordon:1982, 
 Author = "Rodman, M. R. and A. L. Gordon",
 Title = "Southern Ocean bottom water of the Australian-New Zealand sector",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "87",
 Year = "1982",
 Pages =  "5771--5778",
 Keyword = "deep circulation" }

@article{roether-manca-etal:1996,
 Title = "Recent changes in the {Eastern Mediterranean} deep water",
 Author = "Roether, W. and B. B. Manca and B. Klein and D. Bregant and
   D. Georgopoulos and V. Beitzel and V. Kovacevic and A. Luchetta",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "271",
 Year = "1996",
 Pages = "333--335" }

@article{rogallo-moin:1984,
 Author = "Rogallo, Robert S. and Parviz Moin",
 Title = "Numerical simmulation of turbulent flows",
 Journal = "ARFM",
 Volume = "16",
 Year = "1984",
 Pages =  "99--137" }

@article{rogers:1984,
 Title = "The association between the {North Atlantic Oscillation and
   Southern Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere}",
 Author = "Rogers, J. C.",
 Journal = "Mon. Weather Rev.",
 Volume = "112",
 Year = "1984",
 Pages = "1999" }
 
@article{rogers-richards:1988,
 Author = "Rogers, C. F. and K. J. Richards",
 Title = "On the vertical structure description of quasi-geosstrophic
     ocean models",
 Journal = "DAO",
 Volume = "12",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages =  "207--232",
 Abstract:  "A quasi-geostrophic ocean basin circulation model is described
   based on a modal description of the ocean vertical structure and
   a pseudo-spectral treatment of the horizontal flow field.  Convergence
   of the horizontal advection scheme is demonstrated and experiments
   with two, four and six modes illustrating the importance of the
   vertical resolution are described.  For a single gyre system the
   two-mode experiment is contrasted with equivalent layer models 
   calibrated to reproduce correctly the wind forcing and the non-linear
   interactions, respectively.  Convergence of the vertical description
   is further studied in four- and six-mode experiments and shown to be
   slow.  In many of the cases studied, vacillation is observed as the 
   vertical resolution is increased.  Two- and four-mode double gyre
   experiments show similar slow convergence with increased modal
   resolution.  In both cases the homogenization of potential vorticity
   is observed confirming the conclusions based on layer models by
   Holland et al." }

@article{romate:1992,
 Author = "Romate, J. E.",
 Title = "Absorbing boundary conditions for free surface waves",
 Journal = "J. Comp. Phys.",
 Volume = "99",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages =  "135--145",
 Abstract = "In this paper the use of absorbing boundary conditions is
   investigated for the numerical simulatin of gravity waves on an
   incompressible, inviscid fluid in three dimensions.  A review of
   existing methods is given for linear and nonlinear waves, after
   which first- and second-order PDEs are introduced as absorbing
   boundary conditions for the linearized model.  Well-posedness
   is investigated and it is shown that the reflection properties
   of the second-order equation are superior to those of the
   first-order equation." }

@article{rooth:1982,
 Title = "Hydrology and ocean circulation",
 Author = "Rooth, Claes",
 Journal = "Prog. Oceanog.",
 Volume = "11",
 Year = "1982",
 Pages = "131--149" }

@article{rosenzweig:1971,
 Author = "Rosenzweig, Michael L.",
 Title = "Paradox of enrichment:  Destabilization of exploitation
   ecosystems in ecological time",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "171",
 Year = "1971",
 Pages =  "385--387",
 Keyword = "biological modeling" }

@article{rosenzweig-macarthur:1963,
 Author = "Rosenzweig, Michael L. and R. H. Macarthur",
 Title = "Graphical representation and stability conditions of
   predator-prey interactions",
 Journal = "The American Naturalist",
 Volume = "97",
 Year = "1963",
 Pages =  "209--223",
 Keyword = "biological modeling" }

@article{rossby:1996,
 Title = "The {North Atlantic Current and surrounding waters:  At
   the crossroads}",
 Author = "Rossby, T.",
 Journal = "Rev. Geophys.",
 Volume = "34",
 Year = "1996",
 Pages = "463--481" }

@article{rossby.t-gottlieb:1998,
 Title = "{The {\it Oleander} Project: Monitoring the variability of
   the Gulf Stream and adjacent waters between New Jersey and
   Bermuda}",
 Author = "Rossby, T. and E. Gottlieb",
 Journal = "BAMS",
 Volume = "79",
 Year = "1998",
 Pages = "5--18" }

@article{rossby.t-etal:1986,
 Title = "The {RAFOS System}",
 Author = "Rossby, T. and et al.",
 Journal = "J. Atmos. Ocean Tech.",
 Volume = "3",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "672--679" }

@incollection{rossiter:1962,
 Author = "Rossiter, J. R.",
 Title = "Long-term variations in sea-level",
 Booktitle = "The Sea.  Vol. I:  Physical Oceanography",
 Publisher = "Wiley",
 Editor = "Hill, M. N.",
 Year = "1962",
 Pages = "590--610" }

@article{rossow:1985,
 Author = "Rossow, William B.",
 Title = "Atmospheric circulation of {Venus}",
 Journal = "Adv. in Geophys.",
 Volume = "28A",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages =  "347--379" }

@article{rossow-schiffer:1991,
 Title = "{ISCCP} cloud data products",
 Author = "Rossow, W. B. and R. A. Schiffer",
 Journal = "Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.",
 Volume = "72",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "2--20" }

@article{rothlisberg-church-etal:1983,
 Author = "Rothlisberg, Peter C. and John A. Church and Andrew M. G. Forbes",
 Title = "Modelling the advection of vertically migrating shrimp larvae",
 Journal = "Journal of Marine Res.",
 Volume = "41",
 Year = "1983",
 Pages =  "511--538",
 Keyword = "biological modeling" }

@article{rotschi-lemasson:1967,
 Title = "Oceanography of the {Coral and Tasman Seas}",
 Author = "Rotschi, H. and L. Lemasson",
 Journal = "Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev.",
 Volume = "5",
 Year = "1967",
 Pages = "49--98" }

@article{roulstone-norbury:1994,
 Author = "Roulstone, I. and J. Norbury",
 Title = "A Hamiltonian structure with contact geometry for the
    semi-geostrophic equations",
 Journal = "JFM",
 Volume = "272",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "211--233",
 Keyword = "Hamiltonian dynamics, semi-geostrophic equations",
 Abstract = "A canonical Hamiltonian structure for the semi-geostrophic
   equations is presented and from this a reduced non-canonical Hamiltonian
   structure is derived, providing a fully nonlinear version of the
   approximate linearized vorticity advection representation.  The structure
   of this model is described naturally within the framework of contact
   geometry.  A Hamiltonian approach leading to a symplectic algorithm
   for calculating solutions to the equations of motion is formulated.
   Basic necessary functional methods are introduced and the Langrangian
   and Eulerian kinematic structures are discussed, together with their
   relevance to symplectic integrating algorithms." }

@incollection{rowe-baldauf:1995,
 Title = "Biofeedback in the ocean in response to climate change",
 Author = "Rowe, Gilbert T. and Jack G. Baldauf",
 Booktitle = "Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System",
 Editor = "Woodwell, George M. and Fred T. Mackenzie",
 Publisher = "Oxford Univ. Press",
 Year = "1995",
 Pages = "233--245" }

@article{royalsociety:1990,
 Title = "The Earth's climate and variability of the {Sun} over recent
   milennia:  geophysical, astronomical and archaeological aspects",
 Author = "Royal Society",
 Journal = "Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A",
 Volume = "330",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "399--685" }

@article{royer-emery:1987,
 Title = "Circulation in the {Gulf of Alaska}, 1981",
 Author = "Royer, T. C. and W. J. Emery",
 Journal = "Deep-Sea Res.",
 Volume = "34",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "1361--1377" }

@incollection{ruddiman:1985,
 Title = "Climate studies in ocean cores",
 Author = "Ruddiman, William F.",
 Booktitle = "Paleoclimate Analysis and Modeling",
 Editor = "Alan D. Hecht",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "197--257" }

@article{ruddiman-mcintyre:1981,
 Title = "Oceanic mechanisms for amplification of the 23,000--year
   ice--volume cycle",
 Author = "Ruddiman, W. F. and A. McIntyre",
 Journal = "Science",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages = "617--627",
 Volume = "212" }

@article{ruizdeelvira-ortizbevia:1995,
 Title = "Application of statistical techniques to the analysis and
   prediction of {ENSO:  Bayesian} oscillation patterns as a prediction
   scheme",
 Author = "RuizdeElvira, A. and M. J. OrtizBevi{\' a}",
 Journal = "Dyn. Atmos. Oceans",
 Volume = "22",
 Year = "1995",
 Pages = "91--114" }

@article{rumelhart-widrow-etal:1994,
 Author = "Rumelhart, David E., Bernard Widrow, and Michael A. Lehr",
 Title = "The basic ideas in neural networks",
 Journal = "Comm. ACM",
 Volume = "37",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "87--92",
 Keyword = "neural networks" }

@article{running-loveland-etal:1995,
 Title = "A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic
   for global land cover analysis",
 Author = "Running, S. W. and T. R. Loveland and L. L. Pierce
   and R. R. Nemani and E. R. Hunt Jr.",
 Journal = "Remote Sens. Environ",
 Volume = "51",
 Year = "1995",
 Pages = "39--48" }

@article{russell-tuck-etal:1993,
 Title = "{The Halogen Occultation Experiment}",
 Author = "Russell, J. and et al.",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "98",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "10,777--10797" }