@String{ARFM = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.}}
@String{DAO = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans}}
@String{GAFD = {Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn.}}
@String{JAS = {J. Atmos. Sci.}}
@String{JCP = {J. Comp. Phys.}}
@String{JFM = {J. Fluid Mech.}}
@String{JGR = {J. Geophys. Res.}}
@String{JPO = {J. Phys. Oceanog.}}
@String{MWR = {Mon. Weath. Rev.}}
@String{PhilTransA = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A}}
@String{PPP = {Paleo. Paleo. Paleo.}}
@String{QJRMS = {Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc.}}

%AAAA

@techreport{aagaard-pease-etal:1989,
 Title = "{Beaufort Sea} mesoscale circulation study--{Final Report}",
 Author = "Aagaard, K. and C. H. Pease and A. T. Roach and S. A. Salo",
 Institution = "NOAA",
 Series = "NOAA Technical Memorandum",
 Number = "ERL PMEL-90",
 Pages = "114",
 Year = "1989" }

@article{aagaard-roach-etal:1985,
 Title = "On the wind-driven variability of the flow through
   {Bering Strait}",
 Author = "Aagaard, K. and A. T. Roach and J. D. Schumacher",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "90",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "7213--7221" }

@article{abarbanel:1985,
 Author = "Henry D. I. Abarbanel",
 Title = "Hamiltonian description of almost geostrophic flow",
 Journal = GAFD,
 Volume = "33",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "145--171",
 Keyword = "Hamiltonian dynamics, geostrophic flow, fluid dynamics" }

@article{abarbanel-rouhi:1987,
 Author = "Henry D. I. Abarbanel and A. Rouhi",
 Title = "Phase space density representation of inviscid fluid dynamics",
 Journal = "Phys. Fluids",
 Volume = "30",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "2952--2964",
 Keyword = "Hamiltonian dynamics, fluid dynamics" }

@book{abarbanel-young:1987,
 Editor = "Henry D. I. Abarbanel and W. R. Young",
 Title = "General Circulation of the Ocean",
 Publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "291",
 ISBN ="0-387-96354-5",
 LOC = "GC228.5 G46 1986",
 Keyword = "observations, thermocline, inverse methods, baroclinic
   circulation, wind driven circulation" }

@article{abarbanel-brown-etal:1988,
 Author = "Abarbanel, Henry D. I. and Reggie Brown and Yumin M.Yang",
 Title = "Hamiltonian formulation of inviscid flows with free boundaries",
 Journal = "Physics of Fluids",
 Volume = "31",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages = "2802--2809",
 Keyword = "Hamiltonian dynamics" }

@article{abarbanel-holm-etal:1986,
 Author = "Abarbanel, Henry D. I. and D. D. Holm and J. E. Marsden and
    T. S. Ratiu",
 Title = "Nonlinear stability analysis of stratified fluid equilibria",
 Journal = PhilTransA,
 Volume = "318",
 Pages = "349--409",
 Keyword = "physical oceanography, nonlinear dynamics" }

@book{abbott:1979,
 Author = "M. B. Abbott",
 Title = "Computational Hydraulics:  Elements of the Theory of Free
     Surface Flows",
 Publisher = "Pitman, London",
 Year = "1979",
 Pages = "324",
 LOC = "TC 157.8 A2",
 ISBN = "0 273 01140 5" }

@article{abbott-larsen:1985a,
 Author = "Abbott, M. B. and J. Larsen and Jianhua Tao",
 Title = "Modelling circulatoins in depth-integrated flows.  Part 1:
   The accumulation of the evidence",
 Year = "1985?" }

@article{abbott-larsen:1985b,
 Author = "Abbott, M. B. and J. Larsen",
 Title = "Modelling circulations in depth-integrated flows.  Part 2:
   A reconciliation",
 Year = "1985?" }

@article{abbott-mccowan-etal:1981,
 Author = "Abbott, M. B. and A. McCowan and I. R. Warren",
 Title = "Numerical modeling of free-surface flows that are two-dimensional
   in plan",
 Booktitle = "Transport Models for Inland and Coastal Waters",
 Editor = "?????",
 Publisher = "Academic Press",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages = "222---283" }

@article{abraham:1986,
 Author = "Abraham, Farid F.",
 Title = "Computational statistical mechanics.  Methodology, applications
   and supercomputing",
 Journal = "Adv. in Physics",
 Volume = "35",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "1--111" }

@article{abraham-vanos:1981,
 Author = "Abraham, Garrit and Adriaan G. van Os and and Gerrit K. Verboom",
 Title = "Mathematical modeling of flows and transport of conservative
   substances:  Requirements for predictive ability",
 Booktitle = "Transport Models in Inland and Coastal Waters",
 Editor = "?????",
 Publisher = "Academic Press",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages = "1--38" }

@book{abraham-marsden:1978,
 Author = "Abraham, Ralph and J. Marsden",
 Title = "Foundations of Mechanics, 2nd Ed.:  A Mathematical Exposition
     of Classical Mechanics With an Introduction to the Qualitative
     Theory of Dynamical Systems and Applications to the Three-Body
     Problem",
 Publisher = "Benjamin/Cummings, Reading, MA",
 Year = "1978",
 Pages = "806",
 LOC = "QA 805 A2 1977",
 ISBN = "0-8053-0102-X" }

@article{abraham-shaw:1986,
 Author = "Abraham, Ralph H. and Christopher D. Shaw",
 Title = "Dynamics:  The Geometry of Behavior.  Part Three:  Global
   Behavior",
 Publisher = "Aerial Press, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA",
 Year = "1986",
 ISBN = "0-942344-03-4",
 LOC = "81-71616",
 Keyword = "nonlinear dynamics, chaos" }

@article{abramopoulos:1988,
 Author = "Abramopoulos, Frank",
 Title = "Generalized energy and potential enstrophy conserving finite
   difference schemes for the shallow water equations",
 Journal = MWR,
 Volume = "116",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages = "650--662" }

@book{abramowitz-stegun:1964,
 Author = "Abramowitz, Milton and Irene A. Stegun",
 Title = "Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs,
    and Mathematical Tables",
 Publisher = "National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics
   Series - 55",
 Year = "1964",
 LOC = "64-60036",
 Pages = "1046",
 Keyword = "special functions, mathematical formulae" }

@article{adamec:1989,
 Author = "Adamec, David",
 Title = "Predictability of quasi-geostrophic ocean flow:  Sensitivity
     to varying model vertical resolution",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "19", 
 Year = "1989", 
 Pages = "1753--1764" }

@article{adams-etal:1990,
 Title = "Conflicting isotopic and biotic evidence for tropical
   sea--surface temperatures during the {Tertiary}",
 Author = "Adams, C. G. and D. E. Lee and B. R. Rosen",
 Journal = "Palaeogeog. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol.",
 Volume = "77",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "289--313" }

@article{adams.e-ames-etal:1993,
 Author = "Adams, E. and W. F. Ames and W. K{\"u}hn and W. Rufeger and
    H.SPreuer",
 Title = "Computational chaos may be due to a single local error",
 Journal = JCP,
 Volume = "104",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "241--250",
 Keyword = "numerical methods, computational chaos" }

@article{adams.er-bedford-etal:1984,
 Author = "Adams, E. Eric and Keith W. Bedford and John D. Ditmars and Dennis
   E. Ford",
 Title = "Evaluation of the performance of models of hydrologic transport
   and dispersion",
 Year = "1984",
 Month = "dec" }

@article{adler-huffman-etal:1994,
 Title = "{Global rain estimates from microwave-adjusted
   geosynchronous {IR} data}",
 Author = "Adler, R. F. and G. J. Huffman and P. R. Keehn",
 Journal = "Remote Sens. Rev.",
 Volume = "11",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "125--152" }

@book{adomian:1983,
 Author = "George Adomian",
 Title = "Stochastic Systems",
 Publisher = "Academic Press",
 Year = "1983",
 Pages = "331" }

@book{adomian:1986,
 Author = "George Adomian",
 Title = "Nonlinear Stochastic Operator Equations",
 Publisher = "Academic Press",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "287",
 LOC = "QA 402 A29 1986",
 ISBN = "0-12-044375-9" }

@article{adomian:1988,
 Author = "Adomian, G.",
 Title = "Elliptic equations and decomposition",
 Journal = "Comput. Math. Applic.",
 Volume = "15",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages = "65--67",
 Keyword = "decomposition method, elliptic equations",
 Abstract = "The decomposition method is applied to solve elliptic equations
   in several dimensions." }

@article{adomian-bigi-etal:1985,
 Author = "Adomian, G. and D. Bigi and R. Riganti",
 Title = "The solutions of stochastic initial-value problems in continuum
   mechanics",
 Journal = "J. Math. Anal. Applic.",
 Volume = "110",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "442--462",
 Keyword = "decomposition method, initial value problems, stochastic methods",
 Abstract = "Deals with the analysis of a class of initial-value problems
   for non-linear hyperbolic equations with stochastic process coefficients
   and four time-space independent variables.  A perturbation procedure is
   developed, leadingto a sequence of stochastic PDEs which are solved by
   application of the decomposition method." }

@article{adomian-rach:1985,
 Author = "Adomian, G. and R. Rach",
 Title = "On the solution of algebraic equations by the decomposition method",
 Journal = "J. Math. Anal. Applic.",
 Volume = "105",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "141--166",
 Keyword = "decomposition method",
 Abstract = "The decomposition method is extended to algebraic equations
   involving real or complex coefficients.  This paper deals specifically
   with quadratic, cubic, and general higher-order polynomial equations
   and negative, or nonintegral powers, and random algebraic equations." }

@article{adomian-rach:1992a,
 Author = "Adomian, G. and R. Rach",
 Title = "Generalization of Adomian polynomials to functions of several 
   variables",
 Journal = "Computers Math. Applic.",
 Volume = "24", 
 Year = "1992",
 Pages = "11--24" }

@article{adomian-rach:1992b,
 Author = "Adomian, G. and R. Rach",
 Title = "A further consideration of partial solutions in the decomposition 
    method",
 Title = "Computers Math. Applic.",
 Volume = "23",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages = "51--64" }

@article{ahran:1990,
 Title = "{The North Atlantic Current and Subarctic Intermediate
   Water}",
 Author = "Ahran, M.",
 Journal = "J. Marine Res.",
 Volume = "48",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "109--144" }

@article{AIDOP:1964,
 Title = "Standard terminology on optics of the sea",
 Author = "{Association~Internationale~D'Oc{\' e}anographie~Physique}",
 Journal = "International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Chronicle",
 Volume = "57",
 Year = "1964",
 Pages = "246--251", 
 Keywords = "glossary" }

@article{albano-passamante-etal:1992,
 Author = "Albano, A. M. and A. Passamante and T. Hediger and Mary E. Farrell",
 Title = "Using neural nets to look for chaos",
 Journal = "Physica D",
 Volume = "58", 
 Year = "1992",
 Pages = "1--9" }

@article{albrecht:1981,
 Title = "Parameterization of trade-cumulus cloud amounts",
 Author = "Albrecht, B. A.",
 Journal = "J. Atmos. Sci.",
 Volume = "38",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages = "97--105" }

@article{albrecht-bretherton-etal:1995,
 Title = "{The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX)}",
 Author = "Albrecht, B. A. and C. S. Bretherton and D. Johnson and
   W. Schubert and A. S. Frisch",
 Journal = "Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.",
 Volume = "in press",
 Year = "1995" }

@article{alderson:1990,
 Author = "Alderson, Steven G.",
 Title = "On embedding a mixed layer model into an ocean general circulation
     model",
 Journal = DAO,
 Volume = "15", 
 Year = "1990", 
 Pages = "59--86",
 Keyword = "physical oceanography, numerical modeling, mixed layer, GCM",
 Abstract = "A method is described for embedding a mixed layer model into an
    ocean GCM, in a manner consistent with the formulation of each model.
    The surface mixed layer is explicitly retained by choosing a vertical
    coordinate which follows the mixed layer base.  This allows increased
    vertical resolution in the thermocline without the necessity of 
    including redundant levels within the homogeneous surface layer." }

@article{alldredge-silver:1988,
 Title = "Characteristics, dynamics and significance of
   marine snow",
 Author = "Alldredge, A. L. and M. W. Silver",
 Journal = "Prog. Oceanogr.",
 Volume = "20",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages = "41--82" }

@incollection{allen.jr:1994,
 Title = "Palaeowind:  geological criteria for direction and strength",
 Author = "Allen, J. R. L.",
 Booktitle = "Palaeoclimate and Their Modelling:  With Special Reference
   to the Mesozoic Era",
 Editor = "Allen, J. R. L., et al.",
 Publisher = "Chapman \& Hall",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "27--34" }

@article{allen-j:1976,
 Author = "Allen, J. S.", 
 Title = "Continental shelf waves and alongshore variations in bottom
     topography and coastline",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "6",
 Year = "1976",
 Pages = "864--878" }

@article{allen-j:1980,
 Author = "Allen, J. S.",
 Title = "Models of wind-driven currents on the continental shelf",
 Journal = ARFM,
 Volume = "12",
 Year = "1980",
 Pages = "389--433" }

@article{allen-j:1991,
 Author = "Allen, J. S.", 
 Title = "Balance equations based on momentum equations with global invariants
      of potential enstrophy and energy",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "21", 
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "265--276",
 Keyword = "ocean modeling, balance equations" }

@article{allen-j:1993,
 Author = "Allen, J. S.",
 Title = "Iterated geostrophic intermediate models",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "23",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "2447--2461",
 Keyword = "intermediate models, ocean modeling" }

@article{allen-j-newberger:1993,
 Author = "Allen, J. S. and P. A. Newberger",
 Title = "On intermediate models for stratified flow",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "23",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "2462--2486",
 Keyword = "intermediate models, ocean modeling" }

@article{allen-j-barth-etal:1990a,
 Author = "Allen, J. S. and J. A. Barth and P. A. Newberger",
 Title = "On intermediate models for barotropic continental shelf and slope
     flow fields.  Part I:  Formulation and comparison of exact
     solutions",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "20",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "1017--1042",
 Keyword = "intermediate models, ocean modeling" }

@article{allen-j-barth-etal:1990b,
 Author = "Allen, J. S. and J. A. Barth and P. A. Newberger",
 Title = "On intermediate models for barotropic continental shelf and slope
     flow fields.  Part III:  Comparison of numerical model solutions in
     periodic channels",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "20",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "1949--1973",
 Keyword = "intermediate models, ocean modeling" }

@article{allen-j-samuelson-etal:1991,
 Author = "Allen, J. S. and R. M. Samuelson and P. A. Newberger",
 Title = "Chaos in a model of forced quasi-geostrophic flow over topography: an
     application of Melnikov's method",
 Journal = JFM,
 Volume = "226",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "511--547",
 Keyword = "physical oceanography, nonlinear dynamics, chaos",
 Abstract = "Demonstration of the existence of a chaotic invariant set of
   solutions of an idealized model for wind-forced quasi-geostrophic flow
   over a continental margin with variable topography.  An extension of
   the method of Melnikov is used to test for the existence of transverse
   homoclinic orbits in a reduced non-autonomous system of three coupled
   nonlinear ODEs.  The method yields analytical expressions for the parameter
   values for which sets of chaotic solutions exist for sufficiently weak
   time-dependent forcing and friction.  The predictions of this perturbation
   analysis are verifed numerically." }

@incollection{allen.k-joseph:1988,
 Author = "Allen, K. R. and R. I. Joseph",
 Title = "The relation between Lagrangian and Eulerian spectra:  A connection
     between large-scale waves and small-scale turbulence",
 Booktitle = "Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean",
 Editor = "J. Nihoul and B. Jamart",
 Publisher = "Elsevier",
 Year = "1988",
 Pages = "303-317" }

@incollection{allen.l-amthor:1995,
 Title = "{Plant physiological responses to elevated {CO$_2$}, temperature,
   air pollution, and {UV-B} radiation}",
 Author = "{Allen, Jr.}, Leon Hartwell and Jeffrey S. Amthor",
 Booktitle = "Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System",
 Editor = "Woodwell, George W. and Fred T. Mackenzie",
 Publisher = "Oxford Univ. Press",
 Year = "1995",
 Pages = "51--84" }

@article{allen.m-smith:1996,
 Title = "{Monte Carlo SSA:  Detecting} irregular oscillations
   in the presence of colored noise",
 Author = "Allen, M. R. and L. A. Smith",
 Journal = "J. Clim.",
 Volume = "9",
 Year = "1996",
 Pages = "3373--3404" }

@article{allender:1977,
 Author = "Allender, James H.",
 Title = "Comparison of model and observed currents in Lake Michigan",
 Journal = JPO,
 Volume = "7",
 Year = "1977",
 Pages = "711--718" }

@article{allender-andunson-etal:1989,
 Title = "The {WADIC} project:  {A} comprehensive field evaluation
   of directional wave instrumentation",
 Author = "Allender, J. and T. Andunson and S. F. Barstow and
   S. Bjerken and H. E. Krogstad and P. Steinbakke and
   L. Vartdal and L. E. Borgman and C. Graham",
 Journal = "Ocean Eng.",
 Volume = "16",
 Year = "1989",
 Pages = "505--536" }

@article{alley:1990,
 Title = "Multiple steady states in ice-water-till systems",
 Author = "Alley, R. B.",
 Journal = "Annals of Glaciology",
 Volume = "14",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "1--5" }

@article{alley-etal:1993,
 Title = "{Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end
   of the Younger Dryas event}",
 Author = "Alley, R. B. and et al.",
 Journal = "Nature",
 Volume = "362",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "527--529" }

@book{almasi-gottlieb:1994,
 Author = "Almasi, George S. and Allan Gottlieb",
 Title = "High Parallel Computing (Second Edition)",
 Publisher = "Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co., Redwood City, CA",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "689",
 LOC = "QA76.642 A46 1994",
 ISBN = "0-8053-0443-6" }

@article{alvarez-alvarez-etal:1980,
 Title = "{Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction}",
 Author = "Alvarez, L. W. and W. Alvarez and F. Asara and H. Michel",
 Journal = "Science",
 Volume = "208",
 Year = "1980",
 Pages = "1095--1108" }

@article{alvarino:1965,
 Title = "Chaetognaths",
 Author = "Alvarino, A.",
 Journal = "Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev.",
 Volume = "3",
 Year = "1965",
 Pages = "115--194" }

@article{ames:1987,
 Author = "Ames, William F.",
 Title = "Current developments in the numerical treatment of ocean
   acoustic propagation",
 Journal = "Applied Numerical Mathematics",
 Volume = "3",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "25--47",
 Keyword = "acoustical oceanography" }

@article{AMODE-MST:1994,
 Title = "Moving ship tomography in the {North Atlantic}",
 Author = "{AMODE-MST Group}",
 Journal = "EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union",
 Volume = "75",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "17,21,23" }

@article{anderson.d:1979,
 Author = "Anderson, David",
 Title = "Basin models:  The general circulation of regions of the
   world ocean",
 Journal = DAO,
 Volume = "3",
 Year = "1979",
 Pages = "345--371" }

@article{anderson.d-willebrand:1992,
 Author = "Anderson, D. L. T. and J. Willebrand",
 Title = "Recent advances in modelling the ocean circulation and its effects
      on climate",
 Journal = "Rep. Prog. Phys.",
 Volume = "55",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages = "1--37" }

@article{anderson-sheinbaum-etal:1996,
 Title = "Data assimilation in ocean models",
 Author = "Anderson, D. L. T. and J. Sheinbaum and K. Haines",
 Journal = "Rep. Prog. Phys.",
 Volume = "59",
 Year = "1996",
 Pages = "1209--1266" }

@article{anderson.j-okubo-etal:1982,
 Author = "Anderson, James and Akiro Okubo and Alan S. Robbins and Francis
   A. Richards",
 Title = "A model for nitrite and nitrate distributions in oceanic oxygen
   minimum zones",
 Journal = "Deep-Sea Research",
 Volume = "29",
 Year = "1982",
 Pages = "1113--1140",
 Keyword = "biological modeling" }

@article{andreae-fishman-etal:1996,
 Title = "{The Southern Tropical Atlantic Region Experiment (STARE):
   Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator--Atlantic
   (TRACE-A) and Southern African Fire--Atmosphere Research
   Initiative (SAFARI):  An introduction}",
 Author = "Andreae, Meinrat O. and Jack Fishman and Janette Lindesay",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "101",
 Year = "1996",
 Pages = "23,519--23,520" }

@article{andrews.d:1985,
 Title = "Wave-mean-flow interaction in the middle atmosphere",
 Author = "Andrews, David G.",
 Journal = "Adv. Geophys.",
 Volume = "28",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "249--276" }

@article{andrews.d-mcintyre:1978,
 Title = "Wave-action and its relatives",
 Author = "Andrews, D. G. and M. E. McIntyre",
 Journal = "J. Fluid Mech.",
 Volume = "89",
 Year = "1978",
 Pages = "647--664" }

@article{andrews.j-barry:1978,
 Title = "Glacial inception and disintegration during the last
   glaciation",
 Author = "Andrews, J. T. and R. G. Barry",
 Journal = "Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.",
 Volume = "6",
 Year = "1978",
 Pages = "205--228" }

@article{angeline-saunders-etal:1994,
 Author = "Angeline, Peter J. and Gregory M. Saunders and Jordan B. Pollack",
 Title = "An evolutionary algorithm that constructs recurrent neural
   networks",
 Journal = "IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks",
 Volume = "5",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "54--65",
 Keyword = "neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms" }

@article{angell-korshover:1974,
 Title = "Quasi-biennial and long-term fluctuations in the centers
   of action",
 Author = "Angell, J. L. and J. Korshover",
 Journal = "Month. Weath. Rev.",
 Volume = "102",
 Year = "1974",
 Pages = "669-?" }

@incollection{angstrom:1951,
 Title = "Actinometric measurements",
 Author = "Angstrom, Anders",
 Booktitle = "Compendium of Meteorology",
 Editor = "Malone, Thomas. F.",
 Publisher = "AMS",
 Year = "1951",
 Pages = "50--60" }

@book{apel:1987,
 Author = "J. R. Apel",
 Title = "Principles of Ocean Physics",
 Publisher = "Academic Press",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "631",
 LOC = "GC 150.5",
 ISBN = "87-70490 (hardcover); ISBN 87-70489 (paperback)" }

@incollection{arakawa:1988,
 Author = "Arakawa, Akio",
 Title = "Finite-difference methods in climate modeling",
 Booktitle = "Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic
   Change - Part I",
 Editor = "M. E. Schlesinger",
 Pages = "79--168",
 Year = "1988",
 Abstract = "Some basic aspects of finite-difference methods in climate modeling
   are discussed.  Emphasis is placed on comparisons of the dynamics of 
   discrete systems with that of the original continuous system, including
   the problem of choosing vertical and horizontal grid structures and
   resolutions, and the problem of maintaining various integral constraints
   of physical importance." }

@article{arakawa-lamb:1981,
 Author = "Arakawa, Akio and Vivian R. Lamb",
 Title = "A potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the shallow
     water equations",
 Journal = MWR,
 Volume = "109",
 Year = "1981",
 Pages = "18--36",
 Abstract = "A potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the SWEs
   is derived to improve the simulation of nonlinear aspects of flow over
   steep topography." }

@article{arakawa-suarez:1983,
 Author = "Arakawa, Akio and Max J. Suarez",
 Title = "Vertical differencing of the primitive equations in sigma 
   coordinates",
 Journal = MWR,
 Volume = "111",
 Year = "1983",
 Pages = "34--45",
 Abstract = "A vertical FD scheme for the PE in sigma coordinates in obtained
   by requiring that the discrete equations retain some important properties
   of the continuous equations.  A family of schemes is derived whose members
   conserve total energy, maintain an integral constraint on the vertically  
   integrated pressure gradient force, have a local differencing of the
   hydrostatic equation, and give exact forms of the hydrostatic equation
   and the pressure gradient force for particular atmospheres.  The proposed
   scheme is a member of this family that in addition conserves the global
   mass integral of potential temperature under adiabatic processes." }

@unpublished{arango-reid:1991,
 Title = "A generalized reduced--gravity ocean model",
 Author = "Arango, Hernan G. and Robert O. Reid",
 Note = "Submitted to Atmosphere--Ocean.  Filed under
   Reid." }

@article{aref:1990,
 Author = "Aref, Hassan",
 Title = "Chaotic advection of fluid particles",
 Journal = PhilTransA,
 Volume = "333",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "273--288",
 Keyword = "fluid mechanics, nonlinear dynamics, chaos",
 Abstract = "Particle motion in a fluid can be chaotic even when the flow
   field is very simple from an eulerian point of view.  This basic feature
   of fluid kinematics, know as chaotic advection, is reviewed and a number
   of applications are cited." }

@article{aref:1990,
 Author = "Aref, Hassan",
 Title = "The numerical experiment in fluid mechanics",
 Journal = JFM,
 Volume = "173",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "15--41" }

@article{argyris-faust-etal:1993,
 Author = "Argyris, John and Gunter Faust and Maria Haase",
 Title = "Routes to chaos and turbulence.  A computational introduction",
 Journal = PhilTransA,
 Volume = "344",
 Year = "1993",
 Pages = "207--234",
 Keyword = "nonlinear dynamics, chaos, turbulence, numerical methods" }

@article{arkin-ardanuy:1989,
 Title = "Estimating climatic-scale precipitation from space:  A review",
 Author = "Arkin, P. A. and P. E. Ardanuy",
 Journal = "J. Climate",
 Volume = "2",
 Year = "1989",
 Pages = "1229--1238" }

@article{arkin-meisner:1987,
 Title = "The relationship between large-scale convective rainfall and
   cold cloud over the {Western Hemisphere} during 1982-1984",
 Author = "Arkin, P. A. and B. N. Meisner",
 Journal = "Mon. Wea. Rev.",
 Volume = "115",
 Year = "1987",
 Pages = "51--74" }

@article{arking:1991,
 Title = "The radiative effects of clouds and their impact on climate",
 Author = "Arking, Albert",
 Journal = "Bull. Amer. Meterolog. Soc.",
 Volume = "71",
 Year = "1991",
 Pages = "795--813",
 Abstract = "Summarizes knowledge on the current effects of clouds on climate
   and hypotheses on perturbations to the radiative effects of clouds
   involving climate change.  Discusses the relative certainty on the current
   radiative effects of clouds (net cooling) and the great uncertainty
   regarding feedbacks between climate change and cloudiness changes.  Also
   examines feedbacks related to clouds in GCMS.  Fairly technical
   introduction [from Handel and Risbey (1992)]." }

@article{armi-flament:1985,
 Author = "Armi, Laurence and Pierre Flament",
 Title = "Cautionary remarks on the spectral interpretation of turbulent
   flows",
 Journal = JGR,
 Volume = "90",
 Year = "1985",
 Pages = "11,779--11,782",
 Keyword = "spectral analysis, turbulence" }

@incollection{armstrong.n-hinson:1978,
 Author = "Armstrong, Neal E. and Melvin O. Hinson, Jr.",
 Title = "Influence of flooding and tides on nutrient exchange from
   a Texas marsh",
 Booktitle = "Estuarine Interactions",
 Editor = "?????",
 Year = "1978",
 Pages = "365--379",
 Keyword = "estuarine circulation" }

@article{armstrong.t-roberts:1956,
 Title = "Illustrated ice glossary",
 Author = "Armstrong, Terence and Brian Roberts",
 Journal = "Polar Record",
 Volume = "8",
 Year = "1956",
 Pages = "4--12", 
 Keywords = "glossary" }

@book{arnold:1978,
 Author = "V. I. Arnold",
 Title = "Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, 2nd Edition",
 Publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
 Year = "1978",
 Pages = "508",
 LOC = "QA 805 A6813 1989",
 ISBN = "0-387-96890-3" }

@article{arnold-khesin:1992,
 Author = "Arnold, V. I. and B. A. Khesin",
 Title = "Topological methods in hydrodynamics",
 Journal = ARFM,
 Volume = "24", 
 Year = "1992", 
 Pages = "145--166" }

@incollection{arnold-kozlov-etal:1988,
 Author = "Arnold, V. I. and V. V. Kozlov and A. I. Neishtadt",
 Title = "Mathematical aspects of classical and celestial mechanics",
 Booktitle = "Dynamical Systems III",
 Editor = "V. I. Arnold",
 Publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
 Year = "1988 (1985)",
 Pages = "1--286",
 Keyword = "classical mechanics, celestial mechanics" }

@article{arnone-wiesenburg-etal:1990,
 Title = "The origin and characteristics of the {Algerian Current}",
 Author = "Arnone, R. A. and D. E. Wiesenburg and K. D. Saunders",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "95",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "1587--1598" }

@article{arons-stommel:1961,
 Author = "Arons, A. B. and Henry Stommel",
 Title = "On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean - IV. Origin and rate
   of circulation of deep ocean water as determined with the aid of tracers",
 Journal = "Deep-Sea Research",
 Volume = "8",
 Year = "1961",
 Pages = "93--110",
 Abstract = "Estimates are made of the origins and rate of flow of waters
   that make up the Common Water in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and Antarctic
   Intermediate Water using box models and the observed distribution of
   temperature, salinity and radiocarbon.  Questions of computational
   reliability and the occurrence of ill-conditioned equations are
   discussed." }

@article{arons-stommel:1967,
 Author = "Arons, A. B. and Henry Stommel",
 Title = "On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean - III. An
   advection-lateral mixing model of the distribution of a tracer
   property in an ocean basin",
 Journal = "Deep-Sea Research",
 Volume = "14",
 Year = "1967",
 Pages = "441--457",
 Abstract = "The basic advection, recirculation model of abyssal circulation
   developed in parts I and II is used to interpret the distribution of
   dissolved oxygen and radiocarbon in the abyssal North Atlantic.  Estimates
   for the lateral austausch (eddy viscosity) coefficient and the decay
   rate of dissolved oxygen are obtained." }

@article{asrar-tilford-etal:1992,
 Title = "{Mission to Planet Earth:  Earth Observing System}",
 Author = "Asrar, G. and S. G. Tilford and D. M. Butler",
 Journal = "Global and Planetary Change",
 Volume = "6",
 Year = "1992",
 Pages = "3--8" }

@article{astraldi-gasparini-etal:1990,
 Title = "Temporal variability of currents in the {Eastern
   Ligurian Sea}",
 Author = "Astraldi, M. and G. P. Gasparini and G. M. R. Manzella
   and T. S. Hopkins",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "95",
 Year = "1990",
 Pages = "1515--1522" }

@incollection{atkinson-blanton:1986,
 Title = "Processes that affect stratification in shelf waters",
 Author = "Atkinson, Larry P. and Jackson O. Blanton",
 Booktitle = "Baroclinic Processes on Continental Shelves",
 Editor = "Mooers, Christopher N. K.",
 Publisher = "American Geophys. Union",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "117--130" }

@article{atkinson-brink-etal:1986,
 Title = "{Mesoscale variability in the vicinity of points Conception
   and Arguello during April--May 1983:  The OPUS 1983 Experiment}",
 Author = "Atkinson, L. P. and K. H. Brink and R. E. Davis and
   B. H. Jones and T. Paluszkiewicz and D. W. Stuart",
 Journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
 Volume = "91",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "12899--12918" }

@article{atlas-beal-etal:1986,
 Author = "Atlas, David and Robert C. Beal and Robert A. Brown and 
   Pierre De Mey and Richard K. Moore and Christopher G. Rapley and 
   Calvin T. Swift",
 Title = "Problems and future directions in remote sensing of the oceans
   and troposphere:  A workshop report",
 Journal = JGR,
 Volume = "91",
 Year = "1986",
 Pages = "2525--2548",
 Keyword = "remote sensing, satellite oceanography" }

@article{atmar:1994,
 Author = "Atmar, Wirt",
 Title = "Notes on the simulation of evolution",
 Journal = "IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks",
 Volume = "5",
 Year = "1994",
 Pages = "130--147",
 Keyword = "evolutionary algorithsm, genetic algorithms" }

@incollection{austin:1951a,
 Title = "Mechanism of pressure change",
 Author = "Austin, James M.",
 Booktitle = "Compendium of Meteorology",
 Editor = "Malone, Thomas. F.",
 Publisher = "AMS",
 Year = "1951",
 Pages = "630--638" }

@incollection{austin:1951b,
 Title = "Cumulus convection and entrainment",
 Author = "Austin, James M.",
 Booktitle = "Compendium of Meteorology",
 Editor = "Malone, Thomas. F.",
 Publisher = "AMS",
 Year = "1951",
 Pages = "694--704" }

@article{axelrod.d:1981,
 Title = "Role of volcanism in climate and evolution",
 Author = "Axelrod, D. I.",
 Journal = "Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap.",
 Volume = "185",
 Pages = "1--32",
 Year = "1981" }