[ ocean ]
You can jump to a specific alphabetical section, browse a list of titles from K to L, or browse the full listing from K to L.
Title = "Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modelling"
Author = "Kagan, Boris A."
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press"
Year = "1995"
Pages = "377"
LOC = "GC 190.5 K34 1995"
ISBN = "0-521-44445-4"
Table of contents:
Note = "
\begin{enumerate}
\item Preliminary information
\begin{enumerate}
\item Definition of the climatic system
\item Scales of temporal variability and its mechanisms
\item Predictability and non-uniqueness
\item Methods of experimental research
\end{enumerate}
\item Present state of the climatic system
\begin{enumerate}
\item Initial information
\item Mass budget
\item Heat budget
\item Moisture budget
\item Energy budget
\item Angular momentum budget
\item Carbon budget
\end{enumerate}
\item Small-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction
\begin{enumerate}
\item Surface atmospheric layer
\item Vertical distribution of the mean velocity over an
immovable smooth surface
\item Vertical distribution of the mean velocity over an
immovable rough surface
\item Hydrodynamic properties of the sea surface
\item WInd-wave interaction
\item Vertical distribution of the temperature and passive admixture
over an immovable surface
\item Coefficients of resistance, heat exchange and evaporation for
the sea surface
\item The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory
\item Transformation of the thermal regime of the surface atmospheric
layer in the presence of wind-wave interaction
\item Methods for estimating surface fluxes of momentum, heat and
humidity
\item Methods for estimating CO2 flux at the ocean-atmosphere interace
\item Features of small-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction under
storm conditions
\end{enumerate}
\item Mesoscale ocean-atmosphere interaction
\begin{enumerate}
\item The planetary boundary layer
\item Problem of closure
\item Laws of resistance and heat and humidity exchange
\item System of planetary boundary layers of the ocean and atmosphere
\end{enumerate}
\item Large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction
\begin{enumerate}
\item Classification of climate system models
\item Similarity theory for global ocean-atmosphere interaction
\item Zero-dimensional models
\item One-dimensional models
\item 0.5-dimensional models
\item 1.5-dimensional models
\item Two-dimensional (zonal) models
\item Three-dimensional models
\item ENSO as a manifestation fo the inter-annual variability of
the ocean-atmosphere system
\end{enumerate}
\item Response of the ocean-atmosphere system to external forcing
\begin{enumerate}
\item Sensitivity of the climatic system: mathematical methods of analysis
\item Equilibrium response to a change in ocean-land area ratio
\item Equilibrium response to a change in the concentration of
atmospheric CO2
\item Equilibrium response to a change in land surface albedo
\item Equilibrium response to a change in soil moisture content
\item Equilibrium response to a change in vegetative cover
\item Transient response to a change in the concentration of
atmospheric CO2
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}" }
Author = "Kamenkovich, V. M."
Title = "Fundamentals of Ocean Dynamics"
Publisher = "Elsevier"
Year = "1977"
Pages = "249"
LOC = "GC 201.2 K3513"
ISBN = "0-444-41546-7"
Table of contents:
1. Statics. Thermodynamics of equilibrium states 1,
1.1 Entropy 1,
1.2 Equilibrium processes 6,
1.3 Thermodynamic potentials 10,
1.4 Sea water as a two-component solution 12,
1.5 Entropy, internal energy and chemical potential of
sea water 14,
1.6 Adiabatic temperature gradient and compressibility
of sea water 18,
1.7 Thermodynamic inequalities 22,
1.8 Conditions of equilibrium of sea water 24,
1.9 Condition for the absence of convection. Vaisala
frequency 28,
2. Dynamics. Thermodynamics of irreversible processes 31,
2.1 Thermodynamic parameters in a non-equilibrium state 31,
2.2 Equations of conservation of mass 32,
2.3 Equations of motion 35,
2.4 Equations of angular momentum 37,
2.5 Equation of conservation of energy 38,
2.6 Equations for mechanical and internal energy 40,
2.7 Equation of entropy transfer 42,
2.8 The basic propositions of the thermodynamics of
irreversible processes 44,
2.9 The relationship between the viscous stress tensor and
the strain rate tensor 45,
2.10 The relationship between fluxes of heat and salt and
temperature, pressure and salinity gradients 46,
3. Wave motion in the ocean 49,
3.1 Basic equations 49,
3.2 Separation of variables 54,
3.3 Analysis of the simplest cases 56,
3.4 The eigenvalue curves for Problem V 66,
3.5 The eigenvalue curves of Problem H 76,
3.6 Classification of free oscillations 84,
3.7 Some approximations and their analysis 87,
3.8 Approximate analysis of Problem H. The concept of
the beta-plane 90,
3.9 Problem of forced wave motions 98,
4. Equations of the theory of ocean currents and their
properties 103,
4.1 Equation of evolution of potential vorticity 103,
4.2 Boussinesq's approximation 106,
4.3 Averaging of basic equations 109,
4.4 Equation for turbulent energy 111,
4.5 The basic equations in spherical coordinates 113,
4.6 Coefficients of turbulent exchange 115,
4.7 Boundary conditions 118,
4.8 Quasi-static approximation 120,
4.9 Geostrophic motion 123,
5. Ekman theory. Wind-driven currents in a homogeneous
ocean 127,
5.1 Pure drift current 127,
5.2 The basic equations of Ekman theory 129,
5.3 Vertical structure of the flow; Ekman boundary layers 132,
5.4 General method of solution of problem 134,
5.5 Certain very simple solutions 137,
5.6 Western boundary current 139,
5.7 Effect of bottom relief on boundary current 145,
6. Two-dimensional models of ocean currents 153,
6.1 Method of total flows 153,
6.2 General analysis of a two-dimensional model 156,
6.3 Viscous boundary layer 161,
6.4 Inertial boundary layer 167,
6.5 Inertial-viscous boundary layer 172,
6.6 The boundary layer for large and small Reynolds
numbers 180,
6.7 Non-stationary boundary layer 186,
7. Three-dimensional models of ocean currents 193,
7.1 Boundary currents in a homogeneous fluid 193,
7.2 Simplest linear model of thermocline 202,
7.3 A non-linear model of the thermocline 209,
Appendix A - Elements of tensor analysis 213,
A.1 Curvilinear coordinates 213,
A.2 Transformation of coordinates 215,
A.3 Tensors 217,
A.4 Examples of simple tensors 219,
A.5 Isotropic and axisymmetric tensors 221,
A.6 Diferentiation of tensors 222,
A.7 Invariant differential operators 224,
A.8 Curvature tensor 226,
A.9 Basic formulae 228,
Appendix B - On matching of asymptotic expansions 233,
Bibliography 241,
Subject index 247 " }
Author = "King, C. A. M."
Title = "Oceanography for Geographers"
Publisher = "Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London"
Year = "1962"
Pages = "337"
Table of contents:
Introduction 1,
Ch. 1 - The origin and structure of the ocean basins and
their water,
1. The character of the major structural units of the Earth 4,
2. The permanency of the ocean basins 16,
3. The origin of the ocean water 23,
4. Changes in sea-level during the Tertiary and Quaternary
periods 24,
Ch. 2 - The geomorphology of the ocean floor,
1. The abyssal plain and abyssal hills 37,
2. Deep-sea trenches and island arcs 38,
3. Submarine ridges 43,
4. The continental slope and continental rise 49,
5. The continental shelf 54,
6. Other submarine features 63,
Ch. 3 - The water of the oceans,
1. Oceanographical instruments 80,
2. The characteristics of sea water 81,
3. Water masses 90,
4. Ice in the ocean 110,
Ch. 4 - The circulation of the oceans,
1. Causes and character of the ocean currents 115,
2. The surface currents 123,
3. Deep-water circulation 142,
Ch. 5 - The tide,
1. Tide-producing forces 157,
2. Types of wave motion in tidal theory 162,
3. The effect of the rotation of the Earth--Amphidromic
systems 166,
4. The response of the oceans to the tide-producing forces 168,
5. Tidal currents and their channels 181,
6. Tides inrivers--tidal bores 185,
7. Abnormal tides--meteorological surges 189,
Ch. 6 - Waves,
1. Ideal waves in deep water 196,
2. Waves in shallow water 199,
3. Wave spectra and wave generation--'sea' 211,
4. Wave attenuation--'swell' 218,
5. Wave observations 224,
6. Wave forecasting 226,
7. Long waves and seismic waves (tsunami) 228,
Ch. 7 - Sediment in the ocean,
1. Classification of ocean sediment 233,
2. The character of ocean sediments 235,
3. Distribution of sedimentary types 253,
4. The analysis of deep-sea sediment cores 256,
Ch. 8 - Some aspects of life in the ocean,
1. The basis of marine life 264,
2. The life on the ocean floor--benthos 272,
3. Demersal fish 276,
4. Pelagic fish 282,
5. The marine mammals--whales and whaling 288,
6. Some aspects of fishing and overfishing 292,
7. The total organic production of the sea and the food
pyramid 301,
Ch. 9 - The geographical significance of the oceans,
1. The interaction of the oceans and atmosphere 304,
2. The changing sea-level 306,
3. Coastal change as influenced by marine forces 307,
4. The oceans in exploration and transport 309,
5. The strategic role of the oceans 312,
6. The oceans as a source of food 314,
7. International co-operation in the oceans 316,
Conclusion 317,
References 318,
Glossary 319,
Geological time scale 324,
Index 325" }
Editor = "Kinne, Otto"
Title = "Marine Ecology: A Comprehensive, Integrated
Treatise on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters. Vol. I: Environmental
Factors, Part 1"
Publisher = "Wiley--Interscience"
Year = "1970"
Pages = "681"
ISBN = "0-471-48001-0"
Table of contents:
1. Oceans and coastal waters as life--supporting environments -
A. W. Collier
2. Light
2.0 General introduction - N. G. Jerlov
2.1 Bacteria, fungi and blue--green algae - W. Gunkel
2.2 Plants - J. A. Hellebust
2.3 Animals
2.31 Invertebrates - E. Segal
2.32 Fishes - J. H. S. Blaxter
3. Temperature
3.0 General introduction - O. Kinne
3.1 Bacteria, fungi and blue--green algae - C. H. Oppenheimer
3.2 Plants - F. Gessner
3.3 Animals
3.31 Invertebrates - O. Kinne
3.31 Fishes
Functional responses - J. R. Brett
Structural responses - E. T. Garside
Author = "Kinsman, Blair"
Title = "Wind Waves: Their Generation and Propagation on the Ocean
Surface"
Publisher = "Dover, N.Y."
Year = "1984"
Pages = "676"
LOC = "GC 211 K5 1984"
ISBN = "0-486-64652-1"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction - in which we find out what is out there
and acquire some useful descriptive terms 2,
2. Hydrodynamics - in which we reaffirm our faith in the
efficacy of Newtonian mechanics and the fluid continuum 48,
3. The linearized problem - in which we find the simplest
of all solutions to the wave problem 114,
4. Solutions by addition - in which we are compensated
for enduring the limitations of linearity 180,
5. Waves of finite height - in which we abandon the
small-amplitude assumption 238,
6. The Sverdrup-Munk theory - in which we discover that
the classical theory is inadequate for ocean waves 284,
7. The specification of a random sea - in which we discover
a viewpoint from which chaos reveals a kind of order 322,
8. The Pierson-Neumann theory - in which the problem of
making a linear forecast is solved 362,
9. The determination of spectra from wave measurements - in
which we finally face up to the sampling problem 424,
10. Perturbations of irrotational motion - viscosity and
the domain of the potential solution 488,
11. Energy considerations - a further delineation of the
domain of the potential solution 516,
12. Wave generation by wind - in which we find two
complementary mechanisms for transferring energy
from wind to wave 540,
13. Nonlinear interaction - in which the attack on
nonlinearity opens with a perturbation analysis 584,
Bibliography 639,
Name index 657,
Subject Index 661 " }
Editor = "Kjerfve, Bj{\" o}rn"
Title = "Hydrodynamics of Estuaries. Vol. I: Estuarine
Physics"
Publisher = "CRC Press"
Year = "1988"
Pages = "165"
LOC = "GC97 H93 1988"
ISBN = "0-8493-4370-4"
Table of contents:
1. Dynamics of partially mixed estuaries - R. E. Wilson
2. Dynamic control by topography in estuaries - A. Stigebrandt
3. Dispersion in shallow estuaries - J. van de Kreeke
4. Tidally generated estuarine mixing processes - K. R. Dyer
5. Tidal dynamics of estuaries - R. J. Uncles
6. Estuarine residence times - J. T. F. Zimmerman
7. Estuarine fronts - M. J. Bowman
8. Modelling of tidally induced residual currents - K. T. Tee
9. Eulerian and Lagrangian modeling of estuarine hydrodynamics -
R. T. Cheng
Editor = "Kjerfve, Bj{\" o}rn"
Title = "Hydrodynamics of Estuaries. Vol. I: Case
Studies"
Publisher = "CRC Press"
Year = "1988"
Pages = "165"
LOC = "GC97 H93 1988"
ISBN = "0-8493-4371-2"
Table of contents:
10. Oceanography of Chesapeake Bay - H. H. Carter and D. W. Pritchard
11. Puget sound: a fjord system homogenized with water recycled over
sills by tidal mixing - C. C. Ebbesmyer, J. Q. Word, and
C. A. Barnes
12. The Laguna Madre of Texas: hydrography of a hypersaline
lagoon - N. P. Smith
13. The Mobile Bay estuary: stratification, oxygen depletion, and
jubilees - W. W. Schroeder and W. J. Wiseman
14. Circulation anomalies in tropoical Australian estuaries - E. Wolanski
15. Physical oceanography of the St. Lawrence estuary - M. I. El-Sabh
16. Oceanographic characteristics of the Seine estuary - J.-C. Salomon
17. Consequences of dredging - M. M. Nichols
18. Djinnang II: A facilitity to study mixing in stratified waters -
J. Imberger and R. Chapman
Author = "Knauss, John A."
Title = "Introduction to Physical Oceanography"
Publisher = "Prentice-Hall, Inc."
Year = "1978"
Pages = "338"
LOC = "GC 150.5 K6"
ISBN = "0-13-493015-0"
Table of contents:
1. Temperature, salinity, density and other properties
of sea water 1,
1.1 Scale 1,
1.2 Temperature 4,
1.3 Salinity 8,
1.4 Density and the equation of state 10,
1.5 Stability 15,
1.6 Some other properties of seawater 18,
1.7 Sea ice 19,
2. The transfer of heat across the ocean surface 28,
2.1 Sun's radiative energy 30,
2.2 Back radiation 33,
2.3 Evaporation 34,
2.4 Sensible heat loss 40,
3. Heat, salt and water balance 42,
3.1 Local heat balance: the seasonal thermocline 43,
3.2 Heat balance and sea ice 49,
3.3 The role of advection in the global heat balance 52,
3.4 Global heat balance 53,
3.5 Salt and water balance 58,
4. Conservation equations, diffusion, and box models 61,
4.1 Conservation equation 61,
4.2 Conservation equation: differential form 63,
4.3 Diffusion 65,
4.4 Box models and mixing time 68,
5. Equation of motion 72,
5.1 Acceleration 74,
5.2 Pressure gradient 76,
5.3 Coriolis force 78,
5.4 Gravity 84,
5.5 Friction 85,
5.6 Equations of motion 89,
6. Balance of forces: without Coriolis force 91,
6.1 Hydrostatic equation 92,
6.2 Dynamic height 95,
6.3 River flow 96,
6.4 Convective flow in an estuary 97,
6.5 Terminal velocity 106,
7. Balance of forces: with Coriolis force 111,
7.1 Geostrophic flow 111,
7.2 Margule's equation 117,
7.3 Wind stress: Ekman motion and upwelling 120,
7.4 Inertial motion 126,
7.5 Inclined plane with friction 129,
7.6 Vorticity and western boundary currents: the Gulf
Stream 131,
8. Major ocean currents 137,
8.1 Western boundary currents: the Gulf Stream and
Kuroshio 139,
8.2 Currents along the eastern sides of oceans 150,
8.3 Equatorial currents 151,
8.4 Antarctic Circumpolar Current 160,
9. Deep currents and other ocean circulation 166,
9.1 Thermohaline circulation and "core" analysis 166,
9.2 Formation of water types (masses) 171,
9.3 Deep western boundary currents 172,
9.4 Characterization of water masses and types 174,
9.5 Basins and sills: the role of bottom topography in
determining temperature and salinity distributions 178,
9.6 Microstructure 184,
9.7 Mesoscale turbulence: the role of eddies 188,
9.8 Languir circulation 192,
10. Surface waves 194,
10.1 Wave characteristics 195,
10.2 Particle motion 199,
10.3 Energy and wave dispersion 202,
10.4 Wave formation and capillary waves 205,
10.5 Wave spectrum and the fully developed sea 208,
10.6 Wave propagation 212,
10.7 Refraction and breakers 215,
10.8 Longshore currents and rip currents 217,
11. Tides and other long period waves 220,
11.1 Tsunami 220,
11.2 Seiches and other trapped waves 222,
11.3 Storm surges 226,
11.4 Internal waves 227,
11.5 Tidal forces 229,
11.6 Equilibrium and dynamic theory of tides 233,
11.7 Ocean tides 235,
11.8 Tidal prediction and other changes in sea level 238,
11.9 Tidal currents 241,
12. Sound and optics 243,
12.1 Some definitions used in underwater sound 244,
12.2 Sonar equation 246,
12.3 Refraction and reflection 253,
12.4 Uses of underwater sound 258,
12.5 Underwater optics 262,
App. I - Selected derivations 269,
App. II - Tables of some physical properties of sea water 297,
Index 333 " }
Author = "Komar, Paul D."
Title = "Beaches Processes and Sedimentation"
Publisher = "Prentice-Hall"
Year = "1976"
Pages = "429"
ISBN = "0-13-072595"
LOC = "GB 451.2 K65"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction to the study of beaches 2. Coastal geomorphology 3. Theories of wave motions 4. Wave generation, travel, and breaking 5. Tides 6. Changing levels of sea and land 7. Nearshore currents 8. Longshore transport of sediments on beaches 9. The budget of littoral sediments 10. Shoreline configuration 11. Beach profiles and onshore-offshore sediment transport 12. Coastal engineering structures 13. Littoral sediments
Author = "Komen, G. J. and L. Cavaleri and M. Donelan
and K. Hasselmann and S. Hasselmann and P. A. E. M. Janssen"
Title = "Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press"
Year = "1996"
Pages = "532"
ISBN = "0-521-47047-1 (hbk); 0-521-57781-0 (pbk)"
LOC = "GC 211.2 D96"
Table of contents:
I. Basics
I.1 Wave modeling in historical perspective
I.2 The action balance equation and the statistical
description of wave evolution
I.3 Sea surface winds and atmospheric circulation
I.4 Measurements of waves and winds
II. The physical description of wave evolution
II.1 Introduction
II.2 Wave growth by wind
II.3 Wave-wave interaction
II.4 Wave dissipation by surface processes
II.5 Bottom friction and percolation
II.6 Bottom scattering and bottom elasticity
II.7 Interactions with ice
II.8 Growth curve observations
II.9 Observations of spectral shape
II.10 Observations of the directional response to turning winds
II.11 Observations of wave growth and dissipation in shallow
water
III. Numerical modelling of wave evolution
III.1 Introduction
III.2 The kinematic part of the energy balance equation
III.3 Parametrization of source terms and the energy balance
in a growing wind sea
III.4 Numerical scheme
III.5 The WAM model software package
III.6 Simple tests
IV. Applications to wave hindcasting and forecasting
IV.1 Introduction
IV.2 Surface wind fields
IV.3 Wave sensitivity to the accuracy of the input wind fields
IV.4 Operational applications
IV.5 Sensitivity to the evaluation of the wind input to waves
IV.6 Effects of bottom dissipation
IV.7 Shoaling and depth refraction
IV.8 Wave-current interactions
IV.9 Sensitivity to discretization in the wave model
IV.10 Waves as part of the couple atmosphere ocean system
V. Global satellite wave measurements
V.1 Impact of satellite wave measurements on wave modelling
V.2 Radar altimeter measurements of wave height
V.3 The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
V.4 Extraction of wave spectra from SAR image spectra
VI. Wave data assimilation and inverse modelling
VI.1 General features of wave data assimilation and
inverse modelling
VI.2 The general minimization problem
VI.3 The adjoint model technique
VI.4 Applications - overview
VI.5 An optimal interpolation scheme for assimilating
altimeter data into the WAM model
VI.6 Optimization of the WAM source functions by direct
cost function minimization
VI.7 Wave model fitting using the adjoint technique
VI.8 Application of the adjoint method to an initial
value problem
VI.9 A wind and wave data assimilation scheme based on the
adjoint technique
VI.10 Data assimilation using a Green's function approach
VII. Summary and outlook
Author = "Kowalik, Z., and T. S. Murty"
Title = "Numerical Modeling of Ocean Dynamics"
Publisher = "World Scientific, N.J."
Year = "1993"
Pages = "481"
ISBN = "981-02-1333-6 (hdbk); 981-02-1334-4 (pbk)"
LOC = "GC 203 K77 1993"
Table of contents:
I. Formulation of the general equations - Z. Kowalik 1,
1. Equations of motion, continuity and diffusion 1,
2. Two-dimensional equations 14,
3. Application of the stream function 22,
4. Viscosity in the turbulent flow 26,
II. Transport equations - Z. Kowalik 37,
1. Mathematical rudiments 37,
2. Boundary and initial conditions 43,
3. Basic numerical properties 44,
4. Explicit versus implicit numerical schemes 48,
5. Centered numerical schemes 50,
6. Computational errors: diffusion and dispersion 52,
7. Computational and physical modes of the numerical solution 59,
8. Diffusive processes 61,
9. Application of the higher order computational schemes to
the advective equation 69,
III. Two-dimensional numerical models - Z. Kowalik 105,
1. Basic problems 105,
2. Numerical solution of the system of equations 113,
3. Step by step approach to the construction and analysis of
simple numerical schemes 116,
4. Two-dimensional models 131,
5. Numerical filtering 144,
6. Grid refinement 147,
7. Simulation of long wave run-up 154,
8. Finite-differencing of the time derivative - T. S. Murty 159,
9. Finite-differencing of the space derivative 165,
10. Treatment of open boundaries 173,
11. Treatment of the nonlinear advective terms 178,
12. Moving boundary models and inclusion of tidal flats 190,
13. Nested grids and multiple grids 201,
14. Stretched coordinates and transformed grid systems 205,
IV. Three-dimensional time-dependent motion - Z. Kowalik 216,
1. Introduction 216,
2. Numerical modeling of the fjord circulation 217,
3. Three-dimensional motion in the shallow seas 238,
4. Three-dimensional modeling utilizing the mode splitting
and sigma coordinate 254,
5. General circulation model - rigid lid condition 267,
6. A three-dimensional semi-implicit model - T. S. Murty 282,
7. A two-layer model 306,
8. Mode splitting and reduced gravity model 310,
9. Quasi-geostrophic models 313,
10. Streamfunction models 319,
11. The Bidston models 328,
12. Haidvogel et al.'s model 333,
V. Normal modes - T. S. Murty 342,
1. Introduction 342,
2. Seiches 343,
3. The normal mode approach 349,
4. Solutions for lakes and bays with uniform and variable
depth 356,
5. Systems with branches 364,
6. Resonance calculation for irregular-shaped basins 371,
7. Secondary undulations 378,
8. Helmholtz mode 384,
9. Open boundary conditions 387,
10. Numerical models for resonance calculations 393,
11. Kelvin waves, Sverdrup waves, and Poincare waves 408,
12. Influence of ice cover on normal modes 410,
VI. Steady state processes - Z. Kowalik 414,
1. Oceanographic examples 414,
2. Numerical approximation 419,
3. Boundary conditions 423,
4. Numerical methods 425,
5. Direct methods 435,
6. Higher-order accuracy schemes for convection-dominated flow 438,
Appendix 1 443,
1. Line inversion (factorization) method 443,
2. FORTRAN program for the line inversion algorithm 448,
References 450,
Subject index 479 " }
Author = "Krauss, Wolfgang"
Title = "Methods and Results of Theoretical Oceanography, Vol. I -
Dynamics of the Homogeneous and the Quasihomogeneous Ocean"
Publisher = "Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin
Year = "1973"
Pages = "305"
ISBN = "3-443-01001-6"
Table of contents:
1. Physical and mathematical foundations of oceanography 1,
a. Field fuctions, equation of state and mass conservation law 2,
b. Hydrodynamic equations of motion in an absolute frame
of reference 17,
c. Hydrodynamic equations of motion in a coordinate system
fixed to the earth 32,
d. Energy conservation law and equation of heat flux 39,
e. Specifying conditions 43,
f. Boundary conditions 45,
g. Irrotational and rotational motion 53,
2. Linearization of the system of hydrodynamic equations and
representation of hydrodynamic processes by means of waves 68,
a. Periodic processes 70,
b. Perturbation theory 77,
c. Linear systems 88,
3. Gravity waves and capillary waves 95,
a. Gravity waves in an ocean of constant depth (f=0) 97,
b. Long waves in an ocean of variable depth (f=0 122,
c. The influence of the earth's rotation on long gravity waves 136,
d. Forced tidal waves 161,
e. Gravity waves of finite amplitude and nonlinear effects 169,
f. Capillary waves 191,
g. Radiation stress of surface waves and non-linear effects 201,
h. Gravity waves at an interface separating water of different
densities and velocities 207,
4. Geostrophic currents, inertial waves and planetary waves 217,
a. Equilibrium conditions 217,
b. Inertial waves 220,
c. Planetary waves 223,
5. Theory of ocean currents 231,
a. Systems of averaged equations 233,
b. Plane ocean currents in a homogeneous ocean due to
wind and air pressure fluctuations 243,
c. Equations for horizontal mass transport due to wind and
air pressure fluctuations 256,
d. The large-scale wind-driven horizontal mass transport 262,
Some physical properties of the ocean and the air-sea interface 282,
Glossary of principal symbols 283,
Bibliography 287,
Subject index 295,
Author index 301 " }
Editor = "Krauss, Wolfgang"
Title = "The Warmwatersphere of the North
Atlantic Ocean"
Publisher = "Gebruder Borntraeger"
Year = "1996"
Pages = "446"
ISBN = "3-443-01033-4"
Table of contents:
1. Comments of the development of our knowledge of the general
circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean - W. Krauss
2. Climatological fluxes at the sea surface - L. Hasse,
R. Lindau and E. Ruprecht
3. The North Atlantic mean circulation: Combining data and
dynamics - J. Marotzke and J. Willebrand
4. Large-scale transport processes in high-resolution circulation
models - C. W. Boning and F. O. Bryan
5. Stability of the thermohaline circulation - S. Rahmstorf,
J. Marotzke and J. Willebrand
6. Generation and distribution of mesoscale eddies in the
North Atlantic Ocean - D. Stammer and C. W. Boning
7. Western equatorial circulation and interhemispheric
exchange - L. Stramma and F. Schott
8. The western boundary circulation of the subtropical
warmwatersphere - F. Schott and R. L. Molinari
9. The Gulf Stream separation problem - J. Dengg, A. Beckmann and
R. Gerdes
10. The Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, and the origin
of the Azores Current - R. H. Kase and W. Krauss
11. Eastern recirculation - G. Siedler and R. Onken
12. Structure of the Mediterranean Water and meddy characteristics
in the Northeastern Atlantic - R. H. Kase and W. Zenk
Author = "Krishnamurti, T. N. and H. S. Bedi and
V. M. Hardiker"
Title = "An Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling"
Publisher = "Oxford Univ. Press"
Year = "1998"
Pages = "252"
LOC = "QC 996 K73"
ISBN = "0-19-509473-5"
Note = "This is an introductory textbook on global
spectral modeling designed for senior-level undergraduates and possibly
for first-year graduate students. It starts with an introduction to
elementary finite-difference methods and moves on towards the gradual
description of sophisticated dynamical and physical models in spherical
coordinates. Computational aspects of the spectral transform method,
the planetary boundary layer physics, the physical of precipitation
processes in large-scale models, the radiative transfer including effects
of diagnostic clouds and diurnal cycle, the surface energy balance over
land and ocean, and the treatment of mountains are some of the issues
that are addressed."
Table of contents:
1. Introduction
2. An introduction to finite differencing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Application of Taylor's series to finite differencing
2.3 Forward and backward differencing
2.4 Centered finite differencing
2.5 Fourth-order accurate formulas
2.6 Second-order accurate Laplacian
2.7 Fourth-order accurate Laplacian
2.8 Elliptic partial differential equations in meteorology
2.9 Direct method
2.10 Relaxation method
2.11 Sequential relaxation versus simultaneous relaxation
2.12 Barotropic vorticity equation
2.13 The 5-point Jacobian
2.14 Arakawa Jacobian
2.15 Exercises
3. Time-differencing schemes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Amplification factor
3.3 Stability
3.4 Shallow-water model
4. What is a spectral model?
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Galerkin method
4.3 A meteorological application
4.4 Exercises
5. Lower-order spectral model
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Maximum simplification
5.3 Conservation of mean-square vorticity and mean kinetic energy
5.4 Energy transformations
5.5 Mapping the solution
5.6 An example of chaos
5.7 Exercises
6. Mathematical aspects of spectral models
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Legendre equation and associated Legendre equation
6.3 Laplace's equation
6.4 Orthogonality properties
6.5 Recurrence relations
6.6 Gaussian quadrature
6.7 Spectral representation of physical fields
6.8 Barotropic spectral model on a sphere
6.9 Shallow-water spectral model
6.10 Semi-implicit shallow-water spectral model
6.11 Inclusion of bottom topography
6.12 Exercises
7. Multilevel global spectral model
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Truncation in a spectral model
7.3 Aliasing
7.4 Transform method
7.5 The x-y-sigma coordinate system
7.6 A closed system of equations in sigma coordinates on a sphere
7.7 Spectral form of the primitive equations
7.8 Examples
8. Physical processes
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The planetary boundary layer
8.3 Cumulus parameterization
8.4 Large-scale condensation
8.5 Parameterization of radiative processes
9. Initialization procedures
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Normal mode initialization
9.3 Physical initialization
9.4 Initialization of the Earth's radiation budget
10. Spectral energetics
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Energy equations on a sphere
10.3 Energy equations in wavenumber domain
10.4 Energy equations in 2-D wavenumber domain
Author = "Lamb, Horace"
Title = "Hydrodynamics (6th Ed.)"
Publisher = "Dover, N.Y."
Year = "1945"
Pages = "738"
LOC = "46-1891"
ISBN = "0 486 60256 7"
Table of contents:
1. The equations of motion 1,
2. Integration of the equations in special cases 17,
3. Irrotational motion 31,
4. Motion of a liquid in two dimensions 62,
5. Irrotational motion of a liquid: Problems in three
dimensions 110,
6. On the motion of solids through a liquid: Dynamical theory 160,
7. Vortex motion 202,
8. Tidal waves 250,
9. Surface waves 363,
10. Waves of expansion 476,
11. Viscosity 562,
12. Rotating masses of liquid 697,
List of authors cited 731,
Index 734 " }
Author = "Landry, Michael R. and Barbara M. Hickey"
Title = "Coastal Oceanography of Washington and
Oregon"
Publisher = "Elsevier"
Year = "1989"
ISBN = "0444873082"
Table of contents:
Author = "Landsberg, Helmut"
Title = "Physical Climatology"
Publisher = "Pennsylvania State College"
Year = "1944"
Pages = "283"
Table of contents:
I. Collection and use of climatic data
A. Methods of investigation
B. Installation of instruments
C. Usage of climatological observations
II. Climatological elements
A. The atmosphere
B. Atmospheric heat balance
C. Simple climatic elements
D. Complex climatic elements
III. Composition of climatic elements
IV. Applied climatology
A. Climate and environment
B. Foreshadowing of climate
Author = "Leble, Sergie B."
Title = "Nonlinear Waves in Waveguides (With Stratification)"
Publisher = "Springer-Verlag, N.Y."
Year = "1991"
Pages = "163"
LOC = "QA 927 L3813 1991"
ISBN = "0-387-52149-6"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction 1,
2. The discrimination and interaction of hydrodynamical
waves of different types 12,
a. Hydrodynamic wave equations in a three-dimensional
stratified medium 12,
b. Projection operators on subspaces of waves 19,
c. Interaction of surface Poincare and Rossby waves 24,
d. Long atmospheric internal waves 26,
e. The method of successive approximations 37,
f. The coupled KdV equations 40,
g. Nonlinear Rossby wavaes on a sphere 45,
3. Interaction of modes in an electromagnetic field
waveguide 50,
4. Nonlinear waves in stratified plasma 69,
5. Evolution equations for internal waves in media with
strongly inhomogeneous stratification 93,
6. Mean field generation by waves in a dissipative medium 114,
Appendix 1 - Atmospheric waves over a rotating planet 139,
Appendix 2 - Nonlinear terms for interacting modes of
Poincare and Rossby waves at a rotating channel surface 141,
Appendix 3 - Projection to the eigen subspaces for
acoustic and internal waves 143,
Appendix 4 - Basis vectors, interation operator for
atomic nuclei with spin 1 145,
Appendix 5 - Nonlinear internal waves and shear flow
interaction constants 148,
References 151,
Subject index 161" }
Author = "LeBlond, Paul H., and Lawrence A. Mysak"
Title = "Waves in the Ocean"
Publisher = "Elsevier"
Year = "1978"
Pages = "602"
LOC = "GC 211.2 L43"
ISBN = "0-444-41926-8"
Table of contents:
I. Introduction 1,
1. A brief orientation 1,
2. A glance at oceanic waves 2,
3. The basic equations 4,
4. Properties and consequences of the adiabatic equations 12,
5. Approximations 15,
6. General properties of plane and nearly plane waves 24,
II. Free waves: short wavelengths 35,
7. Introduction 35,
8. Simply gyroscopic and internal waves 35,
9. Reflection and refraction of gyroscopic-internal
gravity waves 54,
10. The ocean of uniform depth: normal modes 63,
11. High-frequency gravity and capillary waves of
small amplitude 77,
12. Nonlinear waves of high frequency 88,
13. Average properties of high-frequency gravity and
capillary waves 108,
III. Free waves: long wavelengths 119,
14. Introduction 119,
15. Long wave equations for a continuously stratified
fluid 119,
16. Long wave equations for a two-layer fluid 131,
17. Long gravity waves 142,
18. Planetary waves 153,
19. Nonlinear waves of low frequency 171,
20. Topographic planetary waves 178,
21. Equatorially trapped waves 191,
IV. Free waves: lateral boundary effects 197,
22. The addition of lateral boundaries 197,
23. Wave reflection from vertical walls and escarpments 197,
24. Wave trapping by vertical walls and escarpments 211,
25. Coastal trapped waves 219,
26. Wave trapping by seamounts and islands 246,
27. Wave diffraction and scattering 265,
28. Waves in channels and bays 269,
29. Waves in closed basins 292,
V. Statistical and probabalistic methods 307,
30. Introduction 307,
31. Basic definitions and concepts form time series
analysis 307,
32. Wave statistics and the application of spectral
methods 315,
33. The evolution of wave spectra 322,
34. Linear stochastic initial boundary-value problems 326,
VI. Wave interactions 333,
35. Introduction 333,
36. Wave refraction 333,
37. The influence of waves on the mean state 347,
38. Wave-wave interactions 362,
39. Spectral modifications by refraction and wave-wave
interactions 381,
VII. Wave-current interactions: critical layer absorption
and stability of parallel flows 387,
40. Introduction 387,
41. Critical layer absorption 388,
42. Introduction to stability of stratified shear flows 398,
43. General results on stability of stratified shear flows 409,
44. Introduction to barotropic and baroclinic instability 416,
45. Examples of barotropic instability 428,
46. Examples of baroclinic instability 438,
VIII. The generation and dissipation of waves 451,
47. Introduction 451,
48. The general energetics of the ocean 451,
49. Reynolds stresses and eddy coefficients 456,
50. Wave generation as an initial-value problem 461,
51. The generation and dissipation of surface waves 475,
52. Tides and storm surges 508,
53. The generation and dissipation of internal waves 529,
54. The generation of planetary waves 542,
55. The generation of coastal trapped waves 548,
References 561,
Author index 589,
Subject index 596" }
Author = "Le Mehaute, Bernard"
Title = "An Introduction to Hydrodynamics and Water Waves"
Publisher = "Springer-Verlag"
Year = "1976"
Pages = "322"
LOC = "QA 911 L39"
ISBN = "0-387-07232-2"
Table of contents:
I. Establishing the basic equations that govern fluid motion,
1. Basic concepts and principles 3,
2. Motions of fluid elements; rotational and irrotational
flow 16,
3. The continuity principle 31,
4. Inertia forces 37,
5. Applied forces 51,
6. Forms of the momentum equation: equations of Euler
and Navier-Stokes 59,
7. Turbulence: mean and fluctuating components of motion 71,
8. Turbulence effects: modern theories 80,
9. Flow in a porous medium: Law of Darcy 89,
II. Some mathematical treatments of the basic equations,
10. The Bernoulli equation 101,
11. Flow pattern, stream function, potential function 116,
12. The momentum theorem and its applications 137,
13. The boundary layer, flow in pipes, drag and added
mass 154,
14. Open-channel hydraulics 182,
III. Water wave theories,
15. An introduction to water waves 197,
16. Linear small amplitude wave theories 212,
17. Finite amplitude waves 239,
18. The long wave theory 256,
Appendix A: Wave motion as a random process 273,
Appendix B: Similitude and scale model technology 286,
Notation 301,
Answers to selected problems 305,
Index 317" }
Editor = "Le Mehaute, Bernard, and Daniel M. Hanes"
Title = "Ocean Engineering Science: The Sea, Vol. 9, Part A"
Publisher = "Wiley"
Year = "1990"
Pages = "703"
LOC = "GC 11 S4 V.9 pt. A"
ISBN = "0-471-63393-3 (set)"
Table of contents:
Part 1 - Water waves,
1. Nonlinear wave theories - John D. Fenton 3,
2. Wave transformation - Philip L.-F. Liu 27,
3. Wave-current interactions - Ivar G. Jonsson 65,
4. Irregular ocean waves: kinematics and forces - Leon
E. Borgman 121,
5. Wave forces on cylindrical piles - T. Sarpkaya 169,
6. Wave spectra - N. E. Huang, C.-C. Tung, S. R. Long 197,
7. Air-sea interaction - M. Donelan 239,
8. Long term wave statistics - N. Hogben 293,
9. The probability structure of the ocean surface - N.
E. Huang, C.-C. Tung, S. R. Long 335,
10. Tropical depressions - C. L. Vincent 367,
11. Tsunamis - K. Kajiura, N. Shuto 395,
Part 2 - Circulation and mixing,
12. Shelf circulation - A. Huyer 423,
13. Nearshore circulation - J. A. Battjes, R. J. Sobey,
M. J. F. Stive 467,
14. Gravitational circulation in well- and partially-mixed
estuaries - J. van de Kreeke, J. T. F. Zimmerman 495,
15. Tidal-current boundary layers - R. L. Soulsby 523,
16. Seasonal ice zone studies - S. Sandven, O. M.
Johannessen 567,
17. Mixing in coastal regions - G. T. Csanady 593,
18. Turbulence, mixing, and microstructure - C. H. Gibson 631,
19. Outfall design considerations - P. J. W. Roberts 661" }
Author = "Le Mehaute, Bernard, and Daniel M. Hanes"
Title = "Ocean Engineering Science: The Sea, Vol. 9, Part B"
Publisher = "Wiley"
Year = "1990"
Pages = "703 "
LOC = "GC 11 S4 V.9 pt. B"
ISBN = "0-471-63393-3 (set)"
Table of contents:
Part 3 - Sedimentation processes
20. Seabed boundary layers - J. F. A. Sleath 693
21. Shelf sediment transport - D. A. Cacchione &
D. E. Drake 729
22. Nearshore sediment transport - N. C. Kraus, K. Horikawa 775
23. Cohesive sediment transport in estuarine and coastal
waters - A. J. Mehta, K. R. Dyer 815
24. Low-frequency changes in sea-level and their possible
causes - T. P. Barnett 841
25. Beach response to sea level change - R. G. Dean 869
26. Wave-seabed interactions - C. C. Mei 889
27. Autosuspending turbidity flows - R. J. Seymour 919
28. The structure of events of intermittent suspension
of sand due to shoaling waves - D. M. Hanes 941
Part 4 - Methodology and special problems
29. Similitude - B. Le Mehaute 955
30. Modern laboratory techniques - Ad C. E. Wessels,
A. Mynett, J. K. Kostense, J. E. Prins 981
31. Laboratory wave generation - T. Takayama 1007
32. Numerical modelling of bay circulation - J. D. Wang 1033
33. Modelling of wave agitation in harbors - M. B. Abbott,
P. A. Madsen 1067
34. Wave spectrum changes in harbors - P. Gaillard 1105
35. Moored ship dynamics - G. van Oorterssen 1139
36. Physical oceanographic measurement techniques at
sea - K. D. Leaman 1163
37. Satellite remote sensing of the ocean - L.-L. Fu,
W. T. Liu, M. R. Abbott 1193
38. Materials at sea - K. Masubuchi 1237
39. Ice forces on structures - B. C. Gerwick, Jr. 1263
Combined index 1303" }
Author = "Lesieur, Marcel"
Title = "Turbulence in Fluids (Second Revised Edition)"
Publisher = "Kluwer Academic"
Year = "1990"
Pages = "412"
LOC = "QC 145.2 L47 1990"
ISBN = "0-7923-0645-7"
Table of contents:
1. National contributions
1.1 On the roots of oceanography in Germany - H. U. Roll
1.2 The ocean regarded as a pasture: Kiel, Plymouth and the
explanation of the marine plankton cycle, 1887 to 1935 - E. L. Mills
1.3 "Challenger" from below-decks: the letters of Seaman Joseph
Matkin - Ph. F. Rehbock
1.4 British oceanographers and the Challenger Society, 1903 to 1922 - M. B.
Deacon
1.5 A twentieth century "Challenger" expedition: The "Challenger" voyage
of 1950 to 1952 - G. S. Ritchie
1.6 Marine polar research in the Federal Republic of Germany - G. Hempel
1.7 The history and development of German research vessels - Ch.
Reinke-Kunze
1.8 The first continuous horizontal recordings in chemical
oceanography - G. Weichart
1.9 A century of marine zoological and ecological research around
Helgoland Island - H.-P. Bulnheim
1.10 Motives and results of early German researches on marine plants: Their
relationship to the devleopment of botany and the role of
international collaboration - B. Hoppe
1.11 On the contribution of zoologists from Hamburg to marine
biology - I. Scheele and Ch. Hunemorder
1.12 German contributions to marine biology in the Red Sea during the
19th century - A. A. Aleem
1.13 German marine research in the Atlantic Ocean between WWI and
WWII - W. Lenz
1.14 An unpublished manuscript of Alexander von Humboldt on the
Gulf Stream - G. Kortum
1.15 The Institute of Marine Research in Kiel - W. Krauss
1.16 The unknown wonders of the sea: Johannes Muller's research in
marine biology - B. Lohff
1.17 Karl Mobius: Dredging the first community concept from the
bottom of the sea - K. Reise
1.18 A brief history of benthos research in Kiel Bay and in the
Baltic - H. Rumohr
1.19 The development of marine knowledge and oceanographic research in
Icelandic waters before 1900 - J. Jonsson
1.20 The Forbes's Azoic Theory and the Portuguese zoologists of the
19th century - L. Saldanha
1.21 The contributions of Georg Forchhammer to chemical oceanography - W. J. Wallace
1.22 Oceanography in Poland - A. Majewski
1.23 Additional material on early Polish biological
oceanography - K. W. Siudzinski
1.24 The history of research on physical oceanography in
Romania - G. Serpoianu
1.25 The first Romanian scientific exploration of the Black
Sea waters (1893) - A. Marinescu
1.26 Hungarian research in the Adriatic Sea - J. Stiller-Rudiger and
D. Zavodnik
1.27 The ships and marine research of Rovinj Zoological Station
before 1918 - D. Zavodnik
1.28 The "Vettor Pisani" circumnavigation (1882 to 1885) - Chr. Groeben
1.29 Friedrich Alfred Krupp (1854 to 1902), promoter of natural sciences,
and his deep-sea researches on board the "Maja" and "Puritan"
in the Gulf of Naples - G. H. Muller
1.30 Enrico Hillyer Giglioli and Italian thalassography (13.6.1845 to
16.12.1909) - N. Della Croce
1.31 80 years of oceanographic research in the Aegean Sea - A. Boussoulengas
1.32 Development of oceanographic research in Israel - B. Kimor
1.33 Oceanographic understanding of ancient harbour engineers of the
Levant - A. Raban
1.34 A pioneer of underwater archeaology: Edwin A. Link at
Caesarea Maritima - R. Hohlfelder
1.35 Physical oceanography in the oceans around Australia before
1850 - J. E. Jones and I. S. Jones
1.36 Formation and development of traditional oceanography in
ancient China (to 1840 A.D.) - Song Zenghai
1.37 China's oceanography and economical construction - Xu Qi Wang and
Wu Ke Chin
1.38 The character "Yang" of Chinese traditional ideas: A study of the
nomenclature of small sea areas - Guo Yongfang
1.39 The history of traditional navigation in south India - V. S. Arul Raj
and C. Sivashanmugam and G. Victor Rajamanickam
1.40 History of pearl fisheries in India - K. Krishnamurthy
2. International institutions and co-operation in ocean research
2.1 International institutions and cooperation in ocean research: Three
marine science organizations and Law of the Sea - Warren Wooster
2.2 The early membership of Finland in ICES - P. Malkki
2.3 Walther Herwig: the first president of the International Council for
the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) - J. Smed
2.4 The First International Conference on Oceanography
(Brussels, 1853) - G. T. Houvenaghel
2.5 The creation and first years of SCOR - T. Wolff
2.6 Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards: 25 years of
achievements under the umbrella of international
organizations - S. Morcos, A. Poisson and O. Mamayev
2.7 Hydrographic investigations in the North Sea, the Kattegat and the
Baltic Sea before ICES - J. Smed
2.8 Water balance of the Baltic Sea: genesis and development of
international cooperation - Z. Mikulski
2.9 K. H. Gran and the development of phytoplankton research on the
American west coast - K. R. Benson
2.10 From the archives of the John Murray/Mabahiss Expedition: Strong
summer cooling of surface water revealed by historic data in Gulf
of Aden and Bab El Mandab - S. Morcos and J. Piechura
3. Examples of and experiences in interdisciplinary research
3.1 Examples of and experiences in interdisciplinary research - M. Fontaine
3.2 The Prussian "Kommission zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der
deutschen Meere in Kiel" and the origin of modern concepts in
marine biology in Germany - R. Kolmel
3.3 Some remarks about the role of the Deutsche Wissenschaftliche
Kommission fur Meeresforschung in the promotion of
interdisciplinary investigations - G. Wegner
3.4 U.S. Pacific fishery studies, 1945 to 1970: Oceanography,
geopolitics, and marine fisheries expansion - H. N. Schreiber
3.5 Co-operative studies in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Ocean - S. Zuta and L. A. Flores
3.6 A marine officer and scientist befriends a zoologist: The
correspondence (1872 to 1876) between Ernest Mouchez and
Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers - J. Theodorides
3.7 Understanding tidal friction: the history of science
in nuce - P. Brosche
3.8 A literature study on recent observations of eddies, mainly
from space - K. Kitano
3.9 On meteo-oceanographic observations in the equatorial zone carried
out by the vessel "Il Vesuvio" in 1843 - R. Purini and L. Hahn
4. Economics aspects and the influence on marine research
4.1 Economic aspects and their influence on marine research - R. Goodfellow
4.2 The art of submarine cable-laying: Its contribution to
physical oceanography - A. McConnell
4.3 History of coastal whaling in Brazil, 1602 to 1820 - D. Ingmanson
4.4 Knowledge systems and fishery resource decline: a historical
perspective - J. Kurien
4.5 Lights and shadows in biological oceanography research in
Argentina: a historical review - M. D. Ehrlich and R. P. Sanchez
4.6 Ocean energy: historical development of its harnessing - R. Charlier
and J. R. Justus
4.7 Hydrothermal activity on the ocean floor: development of a new
field of research - H. Backer
4.8 Marine research related to hydrocarbon and mineral resources carried
out by the Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,
Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany - H. Beiersdorf
4.9 The history of the former German oyster fishery and
mariculture: 400 years crown law on oyster - Th. Neudecker
4.10 Ancient belief and history of tides and hazardous changes in
sea level along Pakistan coast - G. S. Quraishee and M. M. Rabani
5. Scientific and technical assistance in marine science
5.1 The history of scientific and technical assistance in
oceanography - U. Lie
5.2 Development of physical oceanography in India during British and
post-independence period - P. S. Srivasta
5.3 Teaching marine sciences in Arab universities - A. A. Aleem
5.4 The history of the Institute of Oceanography at Port Sudan and
its role in research activities in the Red Sea - D. H. Nasr
5.5 Research development in ocean-atmosphere interface in
West Africa: problems and prospect - S. O. Ojo
Author = "Lesieur, Marcel"
1. Introduction to turbulence in fluid mechanics 1,
1.1 Is it possible to define turbulence? 1,
1.2 Examples of turbulent flows 6,
1.3 Fully developed turbulence 9,
1.4 Fluid turbulence and 'chaos' 11,
1.5 'Deterministic' and statistical approaches 13,
1.6 Why study isotropic turbulence? 15,
1.7 One-point closure modeling 16,
1.8 Outline of the following chapters 17,
2. Basic fluid dynamics 19,
2.1 Eulerian notation and Langrangian derivatives 19,
2.2 The continuity equation 20,
2.3 The conservation of momentum 21,
2.4 The thermodynamic equation 24,
2.5 The incompressibility assumption 28,
2.6 The dynamics of vorticity 30,
2.7 The generalized Kelvin theorem 32,
2.8 The Boussinesq approximation 36,
2.9 Internal inertial-gravity waves 39,
2.10 Barre de Saint-Venant equations 43,
2.11 Gravity waves in a fluid of arbitrary depth 47,
3. Transition to turbulence 49,
3.1 The Reynolds number 50,
3.2 Linear-instability theory 52,
3.3 Transition in shear flows 57,
3.4 The Rayleigh number 76,
3.5 The Rossby number 80,
3.6 The Froude number 84,
3.7 Turbulence, order and chaos 86,
4. The Fourier space 89,
4.1 Fourier representation of a flow 89,
4.2 Navier-Stokes equations in Fourier space 92,
4.3 Boussinesq approximation in the Fourier space 94,
4.4 Craya decomposition 95,
4.5 Complex helical waves decomposition 97,
5. Kinematics of homogeneous turbulence 101,
5.1 Utilization of random functions 101,
5.2 Moments of the velocity field, homogeneity and
stationarity 102,
5.3 Isotropy 104,
5.4 The spectral tensor of an isotropic turbulence 109,
5.5 Energy, helicity, enstrophy and scalar spectra 110,
5.6 Alternative expressions of the spectral tensor 113,
5.7 Axisymmetric turbulence 116,
6. Phenomelogical theories 119,
6.1 Inhomogeneous turbulence 119,
6.2 Triad interactions and detailed conservation 128,
6.3 Transfer and flux 133,
6.4 The Kolmogorov theory 137,
6.5 The Richardson law 141,
6.6 Characteristic scales of turbulence 141,
6.7 Skewness factor and enstrophy divergence 145,
6.8 The internal intermittency 154,
7. Analytical theories and stochastic models 161,
7.1 Introduction 161,
7.2 The quasi-normal approximation 164,
7.3 The eddy-damped quasi-normal type theories 167,
7.4 The stochastic models 169,
7.5 Phenomenology of the closures 175,
7.6 Numerical resolution of the closure equations 178,
7.7 The enstrophy divergence and energy castastrophe 183,
7.8 The Burgers-M.R.C.M. model 186,
7.9 Isotropic helical turbulence 188,
7.10 The decay of kinetic energy 192,
7.11 The renormalization-group techniques 197,
8. Diffusion of passive scalars 205,
8.1 Introduction 205,
8.2 Phenomenology of the homogeneous passive scalar
diffusion 206,
8.3 The E.D.Q.N.M. isotropic passive scalar 212,
8.4 The decay of temperature fluctuations 222,
8.5 Lagrangian particle pair dispersion 233,
8.6 Single-particle diffusion 235,
9. Two-dimensional and quasi-geostrophic turbulence 243,
9.1 Introduction 243,
9.2 The quasi-geostrophic theory 246,
9.3 Two-dimensional isotropic turbulence 266,
9.4 Diffusion of a passive scalar 283,
9.5 Geostrophic turbulence 287,
10. Absolute equilibrium ensembles 295,
10.1 Truncated Euler equations 295,
10.2 Liouville's theorem in the phase space 296,
10.3 The application to two-dimensional turbulence 300,
10.4 Two-dimensional turbulence over topography 302,
11. The statistical predictability theory 305,
11.1 Introduction 305,
11.2 The E.D.Q.N.M. predictability equations 309,
11.3 Predictability of three-dimensional turbulence 300,
11.4 Predictability of two-dimensional turbulence 313,
12. Large-eddy simulations 317,
12.1 The direct-numerical simulation of turbulence 317,
12.2 The large eddy simulations 319,
12.3 The Smagorinsky model 321,
12.4 L.E.S. of 3-D isotropic turbulence 322,
12.5 L.E.S. of two-dimensional turbulence 334,
13. Towards real-world turbulence 337,
13.1 Introduction 337,
13.2 Stably-stratified turbulence 338,
13.3 The two-dimensional mixing layer 349,
13.4 3D numerical simulations of the mixing layer 359,
13.5 Conclusion 363,
References 367,
Index 395 " }
Author = "Lewis, Roy"
Title = "Dispersion in Estuaries and Coastal Waters"
Publisher = "John Wiley and Sons"
Year = "1997"
Pages = "311"
LOC = "GC97 L48 1997"
ISBN = "0-471-96162-0"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction
1.1 Typical dispersion situations
1.2 Analogy between molecular and turbulent diffusion
1.2.1 Turbulent diffusion
1.2.2 Eddy viscosity
1.2.3 Conditions for transition from laminar to turbulent flow
1.2.4 Effect of transition on velocity profiles
1.3 Estimating the effect of dispersion on dilution
1.4 Structure of the book
2. Fluid dynamics - homogeneous flow
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Steady flow
2.3 Boundary layer effects
2.4 Time-varying flow
2.5 Summary
3. Fluid dynamics - stratified flow
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Causes of stability
3.3 Causes of instability
3.4 Locally generated and dissipated turbulent energy
3.5 Limits to turbulent energy generation
3.6 Remotely generated turbulent energy
3.7 Summary
4. Turbulent diffusion
4.1 The nature of turbulent motion
4.2 Averaged properties of a turbulent field
4.3 Statistical properties of a turbulent field
4.4 Summary
5. Shear dispersion
5.1 Basic concept
5.2 Steady-state dispersion
5.3 Unsteady shear flow
5.4 Examples of typical velocity profiles
5.5 Summary
6. Modelling dispersion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Jet dilution and entrainment
6.3 Dispersing patches
6.4 Dispersing plumes
6.5 Random walk models
6.6 One-dimensional estuary models
6.7 Two-dimensional estuary models - laterally averaged
6.8 Two-dimensional estuary models - depth averaged
6.9 Three-dimensional models
6.10 Summary
7. Methodology for measurement and observation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Introduced tracers
7.3 Natural tracers
7.4 Ancillary observations
8. Studies of well-mixed systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Estuary-classification techniques
8.3 Short-timescale dispersion
8.4 Intermediate-timescale dispersion
8.5 Long-timescale dispersion
8.6 Comparison with environmental conditions
8.7 Summary
9. Studies of stratified systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Salt wedge estuaries and fjords
9.3 Estuary outflows
9.4 Fronts
9.5 Summary
10. Studies of partially stratified systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Transition
10.3 Salt budget experiments
10.4 Minimum values for lateral dispersion
10.5 Future research into dispersion in the marine environment
10.6 Overall summary
Author = "Lighthill, James"
Title = "Waves in Fluids"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press"
Year = "1978"
Pages = "504"
LOC = "QC 157 L53"
ISBN = "0-521-21689-3 (hardcover); ISBN 0-521-29233-6 (paperback)"
Table of contents:
1. Sound waves 1,
1.1 The wave equation 1,
1.2 The speed of sound 5,
1.3 Acoustic energy and intensity 11,
1.4 The simple source 17,
1.5 The acoustic dipole 23,
1.6 Compact source regions in general 31,
1.7 Compact source regions with diple far fields 35,
1.8 Ripple-tank simulations 41,
1.9 Scattering by compact bodies 50,
1.10 Quadrupole radiation 57,
1.11 Radiation from spheres 65,
1.12 Radiation from plane walls 70,
1.13 Dissipation of acoustic energy 76,
2. One-dimensional waves in fluids 89,
2.1 Longitudinal waves in tubes and channels 89,
2.2 Examples, including elastic tubes and open channels 94,
2.3 Transmission of waves through junctions 100,
2.4 Propagation through branching systems 107,
2.5 Cavities, constrictions, resonators 113,
2.6 Linear propagation with gradually varying
composition and cross-section 120,
2.7 Frictional attenuation 128,
2.8 Nonlinear theory of plane waves 137,
2.9 Simple waves 144,
2.10 Shock waves 152,
2.11 Theory of simple waves incorporating weak shock
waves 165,
2.12 Hydraulic jumps 175,
2.13 Nonlinear propagation with gradually varying
composition and cross-section 183,
2.14 Nonlinear geometrical acoustics 190,
3. Water waves 204,
3.1 Surface gravity waves 204,
3.2 Sinusoidal waves on deep water 208,
3.3 Sinusoidal waves on water of arbitrary, but
uniform, depth 214,
3.4 Ripples 221,
3.5 Attenuation 229,
3.6 Introduction to group velocity 237,
3.7 The Fourier analysis of dispersive systems 246,
3.8 Energy propagation velocity 254,
3.9 Wave patterns made by obstacles in a steady stream 260,
3.10 Ship waves 269,
4. Internal waves 284,
4.1 Introduction to internal gravity waves 284,
4.2 Combined theory of sound and internal waves 291,
4.3 Internal waves in the ocean and in the atmosphere 298,
4.4 Introduction to anisotropic dispersion 308,
4.5 General theory of ray tracing 317,
4.6 Ray tracing in a wind 325,
4.7 Steady streaming generated by wave attenuation 337,
4.8 Stationary phase in three dimensions 351,
4.9 General theory of oscillating sources of waves 361,
4.10 Internal waves generated by an oscillating source 373,
4.11 Caustics 385,
4.12 Wave generation by travelling forcing effects 399,
4.13 Waveguides 418,
Epilogue 437,
Bibliography 470,
Notation List 487,
Author index 490,
Subject Index 492" }
Author = "Liou, K. N."
Title = "Radiation and Cloud Processes in
the Atmosphere: Theory, Observation and Modeling"
Publisher = "Oxford University Press"
Year = "1992"
Pages = "487"
ISBN = "0-19-504910-1"
LOC = "QC 912.3 L57"
Table of contents:
Editor = "Liss, Peter S. and Robert A. Duce"
Title = "The Sea Surface and Global Change"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press"
Year = "1997"
Pages = "519"
ISBN = "0-521-56273-2"
LOC = "GC 190.2 S43 1997"
Abstract = "Translation of 1971 2nd Polish edition"
Table of contents:
1. Report Group 1 - Physical processes in the microlayer and the
air-sea exchange of trace gases - P. Liss et al.
2. Report Group 2 - Biological effects of chemical and radiative
change in the sea surface - J. T. Hardy et al.
3. Report Group 3 - Photochemistry in the sea-surface microlayer -
J. M. C. Plane et al.
4. Transport processes in the sea-surface microlayer - L. Hasse
5. The role of organic films in air-sea gas exchange - N. M. Frew
6. Bubbles and their role in gas exchange - D. K. Woolf
7. The physical chemistry of air-sea gas exchange - L. F. Phillips
8. The sea-surface microlayer and its effect on global air-sea
gas transfer - W. Asher
9. Chemistry of the sea-surface microlayer - K. A. Hunter
10. Biophysics of the surface film of aquatic ecosystems - M. I. Gladyshev
11. Biological effects of chemicals in the sea-surface microlayer -
J. T. Hardy
12. Neuston of seas and oceans - Y. Zaitsev
13. Photochemistry in the sea-surface microlayer - N. V. Blough
14. Hydrocarbon breakdown in the sea-surface microlayer - M. G. Ehrhardt
15. Applications of laser technology and laser spectroscopy in studies
of the ocean microlayer - G. M. Korenowski
16. Remote sensing of the sea-surface microlayer - I. Robinson
Author = "Lomniewski, Kazimierz"
\begin{enumerate}
\item Oceanography as a scientific discipline; its history and progress
\begin{enumerate}
\item Introduction
\item The development of oceanography adn the general survey of
research findings
\item Marine research in Poland
\item International oceanographic congresses in 1959 and 1966
\end{enumerate}
\item Distribution of the oceans and seas; their boundaries, area, depth
and names
\begin{enumerate}
\item Distribution of seas and land
\item The division of the world ocean, the boundaries of the oceans and seas
\item Area and depth of the oceans and seas; water mass volume
\item Names of the oceans and seas
\end{enumerate}
\item Research methods
\begin{enumerate}
\item Oceanographic service
\item Progress in research methods
\item Position determination at sea
\item Measurements of depth
\item Underwater photography and television
\item Sea-bed sampling
\item Seismic methods in the investigation of the sea floor
\item Gravimetric and paleomagnetic surveys of the sea bottom
\item Heat-flow studies
\end{enumerate}
\item The ocean floor; its major and minor forms; their genesis and relief
\begin{enumerate}
\item Marine atlases and maps
\item The distribution of depths and the bathygraphic curve
\item Sea-floor forms, their genesis and relief
\end{enumerate}
\item The physical properties of sea water
\begin{enumerate}
\item The structure and characteristics of pure water
\item The influence of salinity on water properties
\item Osmotic pressure
\item Thermal properties of sea water
\item Density of sea water
\item Adiabatic processes in water
\item Acoustical properties of sea water
\item Optical properties of sea water
\item Colour of sea water
\item Physical properties of water in comparison with those of other
substances; glittering of the sea
\item Sampling for the determination of the physical properties and
chemical composition of sea water
\item Temperature measurements
\end{enumerate}
\item Chemical composition of sea water, dissolved gases and nutrient
substances
\begin{enumerate}
\item The analysis of sea water samples
\item Sea water salinity
\item Gases in sea water
\item Biogenous (nutrient) substances in sea water
\item Selective absorption of heavy metals by marine organisms
\end{enumerate}
\item Thermal relations in the sea
\begin{enumerate}
\item Temperature of sea water
\item Heat budget of the sea
\item Diagram T-S
\item The density distribution of sea water
\item Thermohaline convection--convective currents
\item The characteristics of water masses on the basis of temperature
and salinity distribution
\item Ice in the ocean
\end{enumerate}
\item Causes and character of the ocean circulation
\begin{enumerate}
\item Preliminary remarks
\item Forces causing the generation and course of sea currents
\item Certain problems connected with the current circulation; geostrophic
currents: cyclonic and anticyclonic forms; upwelling and lowering
of the water masses
\item Water transport in sea currents
\item Sea current measurements
\end{enumerate}
\item Deep-water and surface circulation. The ocean currents
\begin{enumerate}
\item Research of the deep-water circulation of the last decade
\item Deep-water circulation in teh straits
\item Deep-sea and subsurface ocean circulation
\item Surface circulation; sea currents
\end{enumerate}
\item Waves
\begin{enumerate}
\item Preliminary remarks; wave classification
\item Methods and instruments applied in wave measurements
\item Wave parameters
\item Waves in deep water
\item Waves in shallow water
\item Generation of wind waves
\item Standing waves--seiches
\item Long waves
\item Internal waves. Dead water
\end{enumerate}
\item Sea level variations
\begin{enumerate}
\item Water level variations; tides
\item Water level observations
\item Hydrodynamical-numerical methods in the descriptions of water
level changes
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}" }
S. Baum
Dept. of Oceanography
Texas A&M University
baum@astra.tamu.edu