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Author = "P. G. Saffman"
Title = "Vortex Dynamics"
Publisher = "Cambridge University Press"
Year = "1992"
Pages = "311"
LOC = "QA925 S28 1992"
ISBN = "0-521-42058-X (hdbk.)"
Table of contents:
1. Fundamental properties of vorticity 1, 2. Singular distributions of vorticity 20, 3. Vortex momentum 46, 4. Motion with surfaces 74, 5. Some applications 81, 6. Creation of vorticity 95, 7. Dynamics of line vortices in two-dimensional flow 116, 8. Vortex sheets in two dimensions 141, 9. Dynamics of two-dimensional vortex patches 160, 10. Axisymmetric vortex rings 192, 11. Dynamics of vortex filaments 209, 12. Three-dimensional vortex instability 230, 13. Effects of viscosity 253, 14. Miscellaneous topics 271, Epilogue 295, References 296, Index 309 " }
Author = "Schafer, W."
Title = "Ecology and Palaeoecology of Marine Environments"
Publisher = "Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh"
Year = "1972"
Note = "Translated by I. Oertel"
Author = "Schlee, Susan"
Title = "The Edge of an Unfamiliar World: A History of Oceanography"
Publisher = "E. P. Dutton"
Year = "1973"
LOC = "72-82705"
ISBN = "0-525-09673-6"
Table of contents:
Introduction 11,
I. Oceanography in nineteenth-century America 23,
II. British oceanography before 1870 80,
III. Naturalist explore the deep sea: the Challenger
expedition 107,
IV. Reefs, rocks, and oozes: geological oceanography 139,
V. The sea in motion 170,
VI. Fisheries' problems and the International Council
for the Exploration of the Sea 206,
VII. American oceanography in the earth twentieth century 244,
VIII. Oceanography and World War II 281,
IX. Geophysical studies and the new theory of sea-floor
spreading 317,
Notes 363,
Bibliography 375,
Index 391 " }
Editor = "M. E. Schlesinger"
Title = "Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and
Climatic Change - Part 1"
Publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers"
Year = "1988"
Pages = "1--624"
LOC = "QC 980 P48 1988"
ISBN = "90-277-2788-0; 90-277-2787-2 (set)"
Table of contents:
Part I - Design and development of physically-based models of
the atmosphere,
Section 1 - Introduction,
Climate and the climate system - W. L. Gates 3,
Atmospheric general circulation models: Their design and
use for climate studies - A.J. Simmons & L. Bengtsson 23,
Section 2 - Numerical methods for large-scale dynamics,
Finite-difference methods in climate modeling - A. Arakawa 79,
Spectral methods in global climate and weather prediction
models - W. Bourke 169,
Section 3 - Parameterization of subgrid-scale physical processes,
Radiative transfer in climate models - Y. Fouquart 223,
Land surface processes - K. Laval 285,
A brief description of the simple biosphere model (SiB) -
P. J. Sellers, Y. Mintz, Y.C. Sud and A. Dalcher 307,
Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in
large-scale atmospheric models - G. Sommeria 331,
Parameterization of cumulus convection in large-scale
models - M. Tiedtke 375,
Parameterization of condensation and associated clouds in
models for weather prediction and general circulation
simulation - H. Sundqvist 433,
Part II - Design and development of physically-based models
of the ocean and sea ice,
Modelling and simulation of the general circulation of the
ocean - Y.-J. Han 465,
Modelling sea ice thermodynamics and dynamics in climate
studies - W. D. Hibler 509,
Part III - Methods of coupling atmosphere, ocean and ice models,
Efficient methods for finding the equilibrium climate of
coupled ocean-atmosphere models - K. Bryan 567,
Some problems in the numerical simulation of climate
variability using high-resolution coupled models - Klaus
Hasselmann 583
Index 615" }
Editor = "M. E. Schlesinger"
Title = "Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and
Climatic Change - Part 2"
Publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers"
Year = "1988"
Pages = "625--1084"
LOC = "QC 980 P48 1988"
ISBN = "90-277-2789-9; 90-277-2787-2 (set)"
Table of contents:
Part IV - Design, development and application of simplified
climate models,
Lessons from energy balance models - G.R. North 627,
Quantitative analysis of feedbacks in climate model
simulations of CO2-induced warming - M.E. Schlesinger 653,
Modelling the slow climatic attractor - B. Saltzman 737,
Design and use of zonally-averaged climate models -
M. C. MacCracken and S. J. Ghan 755,
Part V - Validation of climate models,
Climate observations and diagnostics - A.H. Oort 813,
Validation of general circulation climate models -
T.M.L. Wigley and B.D. Santer 841,
Part VI - Application of general circulation climate models,
Paleoclimate modelling - T. J. Crowley 883,
Ocean circulation in warm and cold climates - K. Bryan
and S. Manabe 951,
Predictability of El Nino - S.G.H. Philander & N.-C. Lau 967,
Predictability of time-averaged atmospheric states -
R. M. Chervin 983,
Simulation of climate change due to increased atmospheric
CO2 - J.F.B. Mitchell 1009,
On the relationship between computer technology and climate
modelling - R.M. Chervin 1053,
Index 1069" }
Editor = "Schlesinger, M. E."
Title = "Climate-Ocean Interaction"
Publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publ."
Year = "1990"
LOC = "QC 981 C64 1990"
ISBN = "0-7923-0859-X"
Table of contents:
Note = "
\begin{enumerate}
\item Introduction
\begin{enumerate}
\item The ocean as a component of the climate system - S. J. Foreman
\end{enumerate}
\item Observations of the climate of the ocean
\begin{enumerate}
\item Observed variations of sea surface temperature - C. K. Folland
and D. E. Parker
\item Can box ocean models calibrated by inverse methods provide a
means of testing ocean circulation models? - K. J. Holmen
\end{enumerate}
\item Modeling the atmospheric, oceanic and sea ice components of the
climatic system
\begin{enumerate}
\item General circulation modelling of the atmosphere - J. F. B. Mitchell
\item An ocean modelling system for supercomputer architectures of
the 1990s - R. M. Chervin and A. J. Semtner, Jr.
\item Modelling sea ice for climate studies - J.-P. van Ypersele
\end{enumerate}
\item Simulating the variability of climate on short, medium and long
time scales
\begin{enumerate}
\item Interannual variability in coupled tropical atmosphere-ocean
models - D. S. Battisti
\item Predictability of ENSO - E. S. Sarachik
\item ENSO modelling at MPI - M. Latif
\item Specification and variability of the surface forcing of the
ocean - H. Cattle and C. Gordon
\item Ocean models and the inter-basin transport of heat -
N. C. Wells and C. Mead
\item Extratropical response to SST anomalies and the barotropic
model - T. N. Palmer
\item Modelling of geochemical tracers in the ocean -
E. Maier-Reimer and R. Bacastow
\item Diapycnal mixing - E. B. Kraus
\item Climatic change and ocean bottom water formation: Are we
missing something? - M. I. Hoffert
\item Reconstructions of low and middle latitude export productivity,
30,000 years to the present: Implications for global carbon
reservoirs - M. Sarnthen and K. Winn
\item Global estimate of oceanic eddy transport from satellite
altimetry? - G. Holloway
\end{enumerate}
\item Working group reports
\begin{enumerate}
\item Climate observations - C. K. Folland
\item Modelling - R. M. Chervin
\item ENSO modelling and prediction - E. S. Sarachik
\item Climate-ocean interaction on time scales of decades to
centuries - M. I. Hoffert
\item Impact of paleoclimatic proxy data on climate modelling -
M. Sarnthen
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}" }
Author = "Schott, Gerhard"
Title = "Geographie des Atlantischen Ozeans"
Publisher = "Verlag Von C. Boysen"
Location = "Hamburg"
Year = "1944"
Pages = "433"
LOC = "GC 481 S4 1944"
Table of contents:
I. Entdeckungsgeschichte des Atlantischen Ozeans
II. Erforschungsgeschichte des Atlantischen Ozeans
III. Name, Grenzen, Gliederung und Grosse des Atlantischen Ozeans
IV. Geologische erhaltnisse im Bereiche des Atlantischen Ozeans
V. Die Tiefenverhaltnisse der atlantischen Raume und ihre
Bodenbedeckung
VI. Die Haupteigenschaften der Atmosphare uber dem Atlantischen Ozean
VII. Die Haupteigenschaften dees atlantischen Wassers
VIII. Die naturlichen Regionen des Atlantischen Ozeans
IX. Das Leben im Atlantischen Ozean
X. Der Mensch auf dem Atlantischen Ozean
Editor = "Sears, Mary and Daniel Merriman"
Title = "Oceanography: The Past"
Publisher = "Springer-Verlag"
Year = "1980"
Pages = "812"
LOC = "GC 29.157 1980"
ISBN = "0-387-90497-2"
Table of contents:
Author = "Shepard, Francis P."
Title = "Submarine Geology (Second Edition)"
Publisher = "Harper and Row"
Year = "1963"
Pages = "557"
LOC = "63-7402"
Table of contents:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Introduction and history
\item Methods and instrumentation for exploring the ocean floor
\item Ocean waves and associated currents (D. L. Inman)
\item Catastrophic waves and ocean currents
\item Sediments: Physical properties and mechanics of
sedimentation (D. L. Inman)
\item Defining and classifying shorelines and sea coasts
\item Beaches and related shore processes
\item Continental shelves: Topography and sediments
\item Origin and history of the continental shelves
\item Continental slopes
\item Submarine canyons, deep channels, and other marine valleys
\item Coral and other organic reefs
\item Deep ocean floor topography
\item Deep ocean deposits and stratigraphy
\item Suboceanic layers and origin of the basins
\item Mineralogy and chemistry of marine sedimentation (E. D. Goldberg)
\item Modern sediments and the interpretation of ancient sediments
\end{enumerate}" }
Editor = "Hampton N. Shirer"
Title = "Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Modeling: A Mathematical Introduction"
Publisher = "Springer-Verlag"
Year = "1987"
Pages = "546"
LOC = "QA911 N66 1987"
Table of contents:
I. Nonlinear modeling: Getting started
1. Modeling: A strategy for understanding - John A. Dutton 1,
2. A simple nonliner model of convection - Hampton N. Shirer 22,
3. From the equations of motion to spectral models - R. Wayne
Higgins 47,
4. Linear stability analysis - Ronald Gelaro 70,
II. Behavior of stationary solutions
5. Bifurcation analysis of stationary solutions - Ronald Gelaro 86,
6. Typical branching forms: Stationary solutions - Paul A.
Hirschberg 106,
7. The expected branching solution: Preferred wavelenghs -
Mark J. Laufersweiler 131,
8. Identifying crucial parameters with contact catastrophe
theory - R. Wayne Higgins and Arthur N. Samel 164,
9. Hierarchies of transitions: Secondary branching -
Paul A. Hirschberg 197,
10. Alexander-Yorke continuation: Numerical finding all the
stationary solutions in a spectral model - Ronald Gelaro 225,
III. Behavior of temporally periodic solutions
11. Typical branching forms: Periodic solutions - Robert J.
Pyle 264,
12. The expected branching solution: Preferred wavelengths
and orientations - David J. Stensrud 292,
13. On computing the branching direction of bifurcating
periodic solutions - Hampton N. Shirer 325,
14. Bifurcation analysis of periodic solutions - Steven B.
Feldstein 355,
IV. More complicated temporal flows
15. The transition to turbulence - Jon M. Nese 384,
16. Diagnosing the structures of attractors - Jon M. Nese 412,
17. Introduction to topological hydrodynamics - John A. Dutton
and Robert Wells 444,
18. Modeling and metamodeling - John A. Dutton 505,
Appendix A - The Hurwitz theorem and bifurcation points -
Ronald Gelaro 508,
Appendix B - Euclidean algorithm for finding common roots to
polynomials - David J. Stensrud 510,
Appendix C - The method of eliminants for finding common roots
to polynomials - David J. Stensrud 514,
References 517,
Index 526 " }
Author = "Starr, Victor P."
Title = "Physics of Negative Viscosity Phenomena"
Publisher = "McGraw-Hill Book Co."
Year = "1968"
Pages = "256"
LOC = "QC 189 S78"
Table of contents:
I. Introduction 1,
1. General comments 1,
2. Some considerations regarding molecular viscosity 1,
3. Concepts concerning eddy viscosity 4,
4. Appearance of negative viscosities 6,
II. A simple preliminary model 9,
1. Prefatory remarks about models 9,
2. Solution of a closed system with horizontal motion 10,
3. Energy and momentum in a simple closed system 16,
III. Physics of more general models 25,
1. Sources of eddy kinetic energy 25,
2. Two forms of convective processes 26,
3. Scheme for a convective model 27,
4. Two modes of response of a convective model 29,
5. Convective action in turbulent regime 36,
6. A genuine manifestation of negative eddy viscosity 37,
7. Generalities concerning turbulent regimes 42,
IV. Application to the earth's atmosphere 47,
1. Primary considerations 47,
2. Variable constitutents in the atmosphere 56,
3. Nonzonal surface inequalities 59,
4. Seasonal effects 61,
5. Some phenomena of the lower stratosphere 62,
6. Mathematical models of the atmosphere 66,
V. Application to the solar atmosphere 69,
1. General facts about the solar rotation 69,
2. Hydromagnetic effects and the differential rotation 71,
3. Energy considerations for the large-scale motions 76,
4. Mathematical models of the solar general circulation 82,
5. Some possible new guides to further study 84,
VI. Application to laboratory experiments 87,
1. Study of turbulent flow in the laboratory 87,
2. The rotation factor in convection 89,
3. Experiments with Rayleigh convection 90,
4. Rotating dishpan experiments 91,
5. Momentum transports in the Rossby regime 94,
6. Relation of momentum transports to mean zonal flow 95,
7. Low-rotation regime in dishpan experiments 99,
VII. Application to oceanic circulations 103,
1. State of information concerning oceanic motions 103,
2. Studies of the Gulf Stream meanders 105,
3. Questions regarding the energetics of the Gulf Stream 107,
VIII. Application to spiral galaxies 113,
1. Some physical considerations 113,
2. Angular-momentum transport by gravitational torques 114,
3. Eddy transports of angular momentum 117,
4. A computed example 123,
5. Further remarks 128,
IX. Application to the solar nebula 131,
1. Introductory preliminaries 131,
2. Primary assumptions 133,
3. Problem in present context 133,
4. Effect of the central nucleus 135,
5. Computed orders of magnitude 136,
6. Discussion 137,
X. Possible other applications 143,
1. Selection of systems for study 143,
2. The atmosphere of the planet Jupiter 144,
3. Vertical transport of momentum by ocean surface waves 147,
4. Systems larger tha individual galaxies 153,
Epilogue 157,
Appendix 161,
Notes 185,
References 237,
Name index 246,
Subject index 248" }
Author = "Melvin E. Stern"
Author = "Robert H. Stewart"
Author = "Stommel, Henry"
Author = "Stommel, Henry"
Author = "Stommel, Henry, and Dennis Moore"
Author = "Sverdrup, H. U."
Author = "Sverdrup, H.U. and Martin W. Johnson and Richard H. Fleming"
Author = "Tchernia, P."
Author = "Thompson, Philip D."
Author = "Timchenko, I. E."
Editor = "Toba, Y. and H. Mitsuyasy"
Author = "Tolmazin, David"
Author = "Tomczak, Matthias and J. Stuart Godfrey"
Editor = "Kevin E. Trenberth"
Author = "Turner, J. S."
Title = "Ocean Circulation Physics"
Publisher = "Academic Press, N.Y."
Year = "1975"
Pages = "246"
LOC = "GC 299 S77"
ISBN = "0-12-666750-0"
Table of contents:
1. Wave generation 3,
2. Rotating fluids 26,
3. Density currents 44,
4. Quasi-geostrophic motion 61,
5. Laminar viscous flow 77,
6. Shear turbulence 87,
7. Wind driven circulation 102,
8. Wind driven appendix 116,
9. Stratification 135,
10. Convection 168,
11. Thermohaline convection 189,
12. Horizontal convection and thermoclines 216,
Appendix - The ocean pycnocline 234,
References 242,
Index 243 " }
Title = "Methods of Satellite Oceanography"
Publisher = "Univ. of Cal. Press, Berkeley"
Year = "1985"
Pages = "360"
LOC = "GC 10.4 A8 S73 1984"
ISBN = "0-520-04226-3"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction 1,
2. The nature of the sea surface and the air above 9,
3. Electromagnetic radiation 28,
4. Absorption in the atmosphere 45,
5. Scatter in the atmosphere 64,
6. Interaction of radiation with surfaces 82,
7. Observations using visible light 100,
8. Observations using infrared radiation 128,
9. Observations using radio-frequency radiation 153,
10. Theory of radio scatter from the sea 180,
11. Scatter of dekameter radio waves from the sea 192,
12. Scatter of centimeter waves from the sea 208,
13. Synthetic-aperture radars 225,
14. Satellite altimetry 260,
15. Orbits 289,
16. Satellite systems 310,
Bibliography 329,
Index 352 " }
Title = "The Gulf Stream: A Physical and Dynamical Description (2nd Ed.)"
Publisher = "Univ. of Cal. Press, Berkeley"
Year = "1976"
Pages = "248"
LOC = "64-23710"
ISBN = "0-520-03307-8"
Table of contents:
1. Historical introduction 1,
2. Methods of observation 12,
3. The geostrophic relationship 16,
4. Large-scale features of the North Atlantic circulation 22,
5. The hydrography of the Gulf Stream 44,
6. The wind system over the North Atlantic 75,
7. Linear theories of the Gulf Stream 83,
8. Nonlinear theories of the Gulf Stream 104,
9. Meanders in the stream 126,
10. Fluctuations in the currents 136,
11. Role of the thermohaline circulation 153,
12. General remarks 173,
13. Recent developments 179,
Appendix 1: Glossary of symbols 223,
Appendix 2: Sources of data 226,
Appendix 3: Sigma-T values 229,
Bibliography 230,
Index 245 " }
Title = "A View of the Sea: A Discussion between a Chief Engineer and an
Oceanographer about the Machinery of the Ocean Circulation"
Publisher = "Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J."
Year = "1987"
Pages = "165"
LOC = "?????"
ISBN = "0-691-08458-0"
Table of contents:
1. Gravity and pressure 3,
2. The earth's rotation 13,
3. The coriolis force 22,
4. Measuring the density field 29,
5. Geostrophic velocity 35,
6. A Chinese puzzle 43,
7. The Chief tries his hand 53,
8. Exceptions to our three rules 68,
9. Various kinds of blocks 75,
10. The Luyten algorithm 86,
11. A model on a personal computer 96,
12. The Chief gives me a lecture 102,
13. Complications 110,
14. The viper's jaws 112,
Appendix - Computer programs for the reader 131,
Glossary 159,
Select Bibliography 161,
Index 163 " }
Title = "An Introduction to the Coriolis Force"
Publisher = "Columbia University Press, New York"
Year = "1989"
Pages = "297"
LOC = "QC 880.4 C65 S76 1989"
ISBN = "0-231-06636-8"
Table of contents:
Introduction 1,
Prolegomenon 3,
1. Real and apparent force 9,
2. Velocity and acceleration in plane polar coordinates 26,
3. Rotating coordinate frames 54,
4. The paraboloidal dish 94,
5. Surfaces of revolution 109,
6. Velocity and acceleration in spherical coordinates 150,
7. Huygen's rotating oblate earth 173,
8. Forced motion 213,
9. Refining the earth's platform 230,
10. Concluding remarks 259,
Appendix - The Compton generator 271,
Epilogue - Sample of the screen: Example 7-1 292,
Index 295 " }
Title = "Oceanography for Meteorologists"
Publisher = "Prentice-Hall, Inc."
Year = "1942"
LOC = "GC 28 S9"
Table of contents:
I. Introduction 1,
1. The heat budget of the earth 1,
2. The heat budget of the atmosphere 4,
3. The atmosphere as a thermodynamic machine 6,
4. The oceans as part of the surfsurface of the atmosphere 7,
II. Physical properties of sea water 8,
1. Salinity, temperature, and pressure 8,
2. Density of sea water 10,
3. Thermal properties of sea water 12,
4. Freezing-point depression and vapor-pressure lowering 14,
5. Other properties of sea water 15,
6. Eddy viscosity, conductivity, and diffusivity 17,
7. Absorption of radiation 26,
8. The color of sea water 31,
9. Sea ice 32,
III. Observations in physical oceanography 35,
1. Oceanographic expeditions and vessels 35,
2. Temperature observations 37,
3. Water-sampling devices 41,
4. Treatment and analysis of serial observations 43,
5. Current measurements 44,
IV. The heat budget of the oceans 49,
1. Radiation 51,
2. Exchange of heat between the atmosphere and the sea 61,
3. Evaporation from the sea 62,
V. General distribution of salinity, temperature, and density 71,
1. Salinity of the surface layer 71,
2. Temperature of the surface layers 74,
3. Distribution of density 82,
4. Subsurface distribution of temperature and salinity 85,
5. Water masses 86,
VI. Ocean currents related to the distribution of mass 92,
1. Introduction 92,
2. Equations of motion applied to the ocean 93,
3. The fields of pressure and mass in the ocean 99,
4. Currents in stratified water 103,
5. Practical methods for computing ocean currents 105,
VII. Wind currents and wind waves 117,
1. Frictional forces 117,
2. The stress of the wind 118,
3. Piling up of water due to the stress of the wind 121,
4. Wind currents in homogeneous water 123,
5. Wind currents in water in which the density increases
with depth 128,
6. Secondary effect of wind in producing ocean currents 129,
7. Origin of wind waves 133,
8. Form and characteristics of wind waves 134,
9. Relations between wind velocity and waves 142,
10. Waves near the coast; breakers 146,
11. Destructive waves 147,
VIII. Thermodynamics of ocean currents 150,
1. Thermal circulation 150,
2. Thermohaline circulation 152,
3. Vertical convection currents 153,
IX. Water masses and currents of the oceans 155,
1. Water masses of the oceans 155,
2. Currents of the North Atlantic Ocean 163,
3. Currents of the adjacent seas of the North Atlantic Ocean 174,
4. Currents of the equatorial part of the Atlantic Ocean 181,
5. Currents of the South Atlantic Ocean 185,
6. Currents of the Indian Ocean 187,
7. Currents of the South Pacific Ocean 189,
8. Currents of the equatorial Pacific 193,
9. Currents of the North Pacific Ocean 196,
10. Currents of the Antarctic Ocean 205,
11. The deep-water circulation of the oceans 211,
12. Ice in the sea 217,
X. Interaction between the atmosphere and the oceans 223,
1. Character of the interaction 223,
2. The oceans and the climate 224,
3. The oceans and the weather 226,
Index 237 " }
Title = "The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology"
Publisher = "Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J."
Year = "1954"
Pages = "1087"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction 1,
2. The Earth and the ocean basins 8,
3. Physical properties of sea water 47,
4. General distribution of temperature, salinity, and
density 98,
5. Theory of distribution of variables in the sea 153,
6. Chemistry of sea water 165,
7. Organisms and the composition of sea water 228,
8. The sea as a biological environment 267,
9. Populations of the sea 286,
10. Observations and collections at sea 331,
11. General character of ocean currents 389,
12. Statics and kinematics 400,
13. Dynamics of ocean currents 431,
14. Waves and tides 516,
15. The water masses and currents of the oceans 605,
16. Phytoplankton in relation to physical-chemical
properties of the environment 762,
17. Animals in relation to physical-chemical properties
of the environment 799,
18. Interrelations of marine organisms 879,
19. Organic production in the sea 925,
20. Marine sedimentation 946,
Appendix: Tables for computing geopotential distances
between isobaric surfaces 1051,
Index 1061" }
Title = "Descriptive Regional Oceanography: An Elementary Description
of the Four Main Divisions of the World Ocean, of their Limits,
Forms, Topography, Wind Systems, Climatology, Surface Circulation,
and Hydrological Characteristics and Structure"
Publisher = "Pergamon Press"
Year = "1980"
Pages = "253"
LOC = "GC 11"
ISBN = "0-08-020925-4 (hardcover); ISBN 0-08-020919-X (paperback)"
Table of contents:
1. Elements of the morphology of the Earth and the oceanic
basins 3,
2. Elements of the physical and chemical characteristics
of seawater 15,
3. Elements of the distribution of temperature, salinity,
and density in the sea 27,
4. The Southern Ocean 43,
I. Topography - winds - climatology - currents 43,
II. Hydrology of the southern ocean 61,
5. The Atlantic Ocean 87,
I. Topography - winds - climatology - currents 87,
II. Hydrology 128,
A. Circulation and hydrology of adjacent seas (Arctic
Mediterranean and Eurafrican Mediterranean) 128,
B. Hydrology of the Atlantic Ocean 148,
6. The Indian Ocean 171,
I. Topography - winds - climatology - currents 171,
II. Hydrology 194,
A. Circulation and hydrology of the adjacent seas
of the Indian Ocean 194,
B. Hydrology of the Indian Ocean 200,
7. The Pacific Ocean 216,
I. Topography - winds - climatology - currents 216,
II. Hydrology 238,
Postcript 246,
Index 249" }
Title = "Numerical Weather Analysis and Prediction"
Publisher = "The Macmillan Co."
Year = "1961"
Pages = "170"
LOC = "60-12181"
Table of contents:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Introduction: Some general aspects of the problems of numerical
weather analysis and forecasting
\item Fundamental physical principles and their mathematical expression
\item Dynamical weather prediction as a mathematical and numerical
process
\item Pure types of wave motion in the atmosphere
\item Finite-difference methods of solving the linear equations for
sound, gravity, and Rossby waves
\item Mixed types of wave motion in the atmosphere: The filtering problem
\item The equivalent-barotropic model
\item Numerical methods for solving the nonlinear equations
\item The cyclogenesis problem and the modified equations for
baroclinic flow
\item Baroclinic instability and other aspects of cyclogenesis
\item Reexamination of the filtering problem
\item Solution of the primitive equations
\item Numerical weather analysis and forecasting in routine practice
\item A miscellany of errors and unsolved problems
\item The outlook for the future
\end{enumerate}" }
Title = "Stochastic Modeling of Ocean Dynamics"
Publisher = "Harwood Academic Publ., N.Y."
Year = "1984"
Pages = "311"
LOC = "GC 10.4 M36 T5513"
ISBN = "3 7186 0231 8"
Table of contents:
1. Problems of the ocean state monitoring and some
approaches towards its solution 1,
a. Estimation of the ocean state in terms of the study
objectives and the socioeconomic exploration 1,
b. A systemic approach to the study of ocean phenomena 7,
c. Dynamico-stochastic models of ocean state monitoring 13,
d. Evaluation of the ocean states based on hydrodynamic
models 17,
e. The workup of observed oceanological processes and
fields in dynamico-stochastic models 24,
f. Utilization of satellite data in the state of the
ocean management 35,
2. Methods for the construction of dynamico-stochastic
models of the state of the ocean 43,
a. Probability models of hydrophysical processes 43,
b. The use of the equations of statistical hydrodynamics
in the dynamico-stochastic models 58,
c. Random fields of the diffusional type 70,
d. The dynamico-stochastic models of the ocean state and
the Gauss-Markov approximations 79,
e. The state of the system evaluation based on the
information renewal 99,
f. Account of inaccuracies in the postulation of the
boundary conditions in dynamico-stochastic models 108,
g. Numerical experiments with the optimal filter
equations 118,
3. Application of the dynamico-stochastic models to the
storage accumulation of the ocean fields evolution
data 131,
a. The hydrodynamic portion of the dynamico-stochastic
model of the ocean monitoring based on the
observations of field density 131,
b. The analysis of the hydrophysical measurements in the
Bay of Lyons polygon 139,
c. Calculation of the non-synchronous observations during
the construction of the maps of the ocean fields 160,
d. The investigation of the evolution of the ocean
fields according to the observations of the field
density in the polygon "POLYMODE" 177,
e. Refinement of the dynamico-stochastic models for the
acquisition of single measurements 198,
f. The complex utilization of the measurements of density
and the velocity of flow in hydrophysical polygons 212,
4. The monitoring of the state of the upper layer of the
ocean by means of the remote and contact sounding
data 229,
a. Storing of the state of the upper layer of the ocean
based on the sounding of the vertical distribution
of parameters 229,
b. Data agreement between the remote and contact
soundings of the ocean 263,
c. Monitoring of the depth of the surface turbulent
layer of the ocean 278,
d. The remote measurement of the sea level in the
dynamico-stochastic model of UQL 292,
References 305" }
Title = "The Ocean Surface: Wave Breaking, Turbulent Mixing and Radio
Probing"
Publisher = "D. Reidel"
Year = "1985"
Title = "Elements of Dynamic Oceanography"
Publisher = "Allen \& Unwin"
Year = "1985"
LOC = "GC 201.2 T65 1985"
ISBN = "0-04-551070-9 (hbk)"
Table of contents:
1. Sea-air interaction 1,
1.1 Interdependence of natural phenomena 1,
1.2 Cycles in the ocean-atmosphere system 3,
1.3 Heat engines in the atmosphere 7,
1.4 Sources of instability in the ocean 10,
2. How ocean currents are studied 13,
2.1 Unity of ocean waters 13,
2.2 The major ocean currents 14,
2.3 General ocean circulation 17,
2.4 Exploration of ocean currents and their use in
practice 18,
2.5 Current measurements 23,
2.6 Mapping of ocean currents 35,
2.7 Modeling oceanic phenomena 38,
3. Causes of ocean currents 42,
3.1 Evolution of the theories of currents 42,
3.2 Horizontal pressure gradient 43,
3.3 Coriolis force 49,
3.4 Geostrophic balance 53,
3.5 Climatic factors and currents 56,
3.6 Turbulence, viscosity and mixing 60,
3.7 Wind-driven currents 62,
3.8 Baroclinic model 65,
3.9 Depth of no-motion 67,
4. Turbulence and rotation of waters in oceans and seas 70,
4.1 Turbulence: methods and concepts 70,
4.2 Turbulence and stratification 71,
4.3 Local isotropic turbulence 73,
4.4 Sources of energy supplied to oceanic motions of
different scales 75,
4.5 Vorticity or curl 77,
4.6 Integral circulation and stream function 78,
4.7 Sea gyres in the Northern Hemisphere 82,
4.8 Topographic effects in integral circulation 84,
5. Westward intensification of surface currents 89,
5.1 Mysteries of the Gulf Stream 89,
5.2 Why is the Gulf Stream in the west? 92,
5.3 Vorticity theory of the Gulf Stream on the
beta-plane 94,
5.4 `Viscous' Gulf Stream 96,
5.5 Gulf Stream as an inertial flow 99,
5.6 Why does the Gulf Stream leave the coast? 104,
5.7 The nature of the Gulf Stream meanders and rings 105,
5.8 Why are `gulf streams' weak in the south? 111,
6. Countercurrents and eddies 115,
6.1 Instabilities of ocean flows 115,
6.2 Features of the equatorial zone of the oceans 116,
6.3 The nature of equatorial countercurrents 117,
6.4 Equatorial undercurrents 119,
6.5 Another unknown countercurrent 121,
6.6 Eddies in the subtropical Atlantic 122,
7. Deep-ocean circulation 128,
7.1 Effects of wind-driven circulation on ocean
structure 128,
7.2 Some approaches to studying deep-ocean circulation 130,
7.3 Classic scheme of deep-ocean circulation 133,
7.4 T-S relationships and water masses of the World
Ocean 135,
7.5 Dynamic theory of abyssal circulation 141,
7.6 Sources of deep and bottom water in the World
Ocean 144,
7.7 Deep western boundary currents 146,
7.8 Water exchange in the World Ocean 149,
8. Currents and climate 152,
8.1 Short-term cycles in the ocean-atmosphere system 152,
8.2 The World Ocean and ice ages 156,
8.3 The ocean and the problem of global power
production 163,
8.4 Currents and transformation of the Earth's climate 164,
8.5 Regional climate modifications 167,
References and bibliography 170,
Index 174 " }
Title = "Regional Oceanography: An Introduction"
Publisher = "Pergamon"
Year = "1994"
LOC = "GC 11.2 T66 1993"
ISBN = "0-08-041021-9 (hbk)"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction: What drives the ocean currents? 1,
2. Temperature, salinity, density and the oceanic
pressure field 15,
3. The Coriolis force, geostrophy, Rossby waves and
the westward intensification 29,
4. Ekman layer transports, Ekman pumping and the Sverdrup
balance 39,
5. Water mass formation, subduction and the oceanic
heat budget 53,
6. Antarctic oceanography 67,
7. Arctic oceanography: the path of North Atlantic Deep
Water 89,
8. The Pacific Ocean 113,
9. Hydrology of the Pacific Ocean 149,
10. Adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean 173,
11. The Indian Ocean 193,
12. Hydrology of the Indian Ocean 221,
13. Adjacent seas of the Indian Ocean and the Australasian
Mediterranean Sea (the Indonesian throughflow) 237,
14. The Atlantic Ocean 253,
15. Hydrology of the Atlantic Ocean 279,
16. Adjacent seas of the Atlantic Ocean 297,
17. Aspects of advanced regional oceanography 329,
18. The oceans and the world's mean climate 343,
19. El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 361,
20. The ocean and climate change 381,
References 397,
Glossary 411,
Index 415 " }
Title = "Climate System Modeling"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press"
Year = "1992"
Pages = "788"
ISBN = "0-521-43231-6 (hdbck)"
LOC = "QC 981 C65 1993"
Table of contents:
Part 1 - Introduction,
1. Introduction to climate modeling - Stephen H. Schneider 3,
1.1 Context of global climate change 3,
1.2 Mechanisms of climate change 3,
1.3 Climate predictions 17,
1.4 Validation 23,
2. Human components of the climate system - Michael H. Glantz
and Jerrold H. Krenz 27,
2.1 Introduction 27,
2.2 Greenhouse gases emissions 28,
2.3 Deforestation 34,
2.4 Desertification 37,
2.5 Changes in human activities that led to changes in GHG
emissions 40,
2.6 Conclusions 48,
Part 2 - The science: Subsystems and processes,
3. The atmosphere - Murry L. Salby 53,
3.1 Introduction 53,
3.2 Atmospheric thermodynamics 71,
3.3 Hydrostatic equilibrium 83,
3.4 Radiative transfer 93,
3.5 Clouds 94,
3.6 Atmospheric dynamics 98,
3.7 Classes of motion 102,
3.8 Atmospheric waves 107,
3.9 The general circulation 110,
3.19 The upper atmosphere 112,
4. The ocean circulation - Pearn P. Niiler 117,
5. Land surface - Robert E. Dickinson 149,
6. Terrestrial ecosystems - John D. Aber 173,
7. Atmospheric chemistry - Richard P. Turco 201,
8. Marine biogeochemistry - Raymond G. Najjar 241,
Part 3 - Modeling and parameterization,
9. Climate system simulation: basic numerical & computational
concepts - James J. Hack 283,
10. Atmospheric general circulation modeling - Jeffrey T. Kiehl 319,
11. Ocean general circulation modeling - Dale B. Haidvogel and
Frank O. Bryan 371,
12. Sea ice models - William D. Hibler, III and Gregory M. Flato 413,
13. Land ice and climate - Cornelis J. van der Veen 437,
14. Biophysical models of land surface processes - Piers J.
Sellers 451,
15. Chemistry--transport models - Guy P. Brasseur and Sasha
Madronich 491,
16. Biogeochemical ocean models - Jorge L. Sarmiento 519,
Part 4 - Couplings and interactions,
17. Global coupled models: atmosphere, ocean, sea ice - Gerald
A. Meehl 555,
18. Tropical Pacific ENSO models: ENSO as a mode of the coupled
system - Mark A. Cane 583,
Part 5 - Sensitivity experiments and applications,
19. Climate variability simulated in GCMs - Ngar-Cheung Lau 617,
20. Climate-model responses to increased CO2 and other greehouse
gases - Warren M. Washington 643,
21. Modeling large climatic changes of the past - John E.
Kutzbach 669,
22. Changes in land use - Robert E. Dickinson 689,
Part 6 - Future prospects - Lennart O. Bengtsson 705,
References 729,
Index 773 " }
Title = "Buoyancy Effects in Fluids"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y."
Year = "1972"
Pages = "368"
ISBN = "0-521-29726-5 (pbk.)"
LOC = "72-76085"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction and preliminaries 1,
1.1 The topics to be discussed 1,
1.2 Equilibrium and departures from it 3,
1.3 The equations of motion and various approximations 6,
1.4 Basic parameters of heterogeneous flows 11,
2. Linear internal waves 14,
2.1 Waves at a boundary between homogeneous layers 14,
2.2 Waves in a continuously stratified fluid 21,
2.3 Waves in a moving stratified fluid 31,
2.4 Weak non-linearities: interactions between waves 39,
3. Finite amplitude motions in stably stratified fluids 48,
3.1 Internal waves of finite amplitude 48,
3.2 Internal hydraulics and related problems 64,
3.3 Slow motions in a stratified fluid 76,
4. Instability and the production of turbulence 91,
4.1 The stability of a free shear layer 92,
4.2 The combined effects of viscosity and stratification 107,
4.3 Mechanisms for the generation of turbulence 116,
5. Turbulent shear flows in a stratified fluid 127,
5.1 Velocity and density profiles near a horizontal
boundary 127,
5.2 Theories of turbulence in a stratified shear flow 138,
5.3 Observations and experiments on stratified shear flows 151,
6. Buoyant convection from isolated sources 165,
6.1 Plumes in a uniform environment 167,
6.2 Inclined plumes and turbulent gravity currents 178,
6.3 Thermals in a uniform environment 186,
6.4 The non-uniform environment 194,
7. Convection from heated surfaces 207,
7.1 The theory of convection between horizontal plates 208,
7.2 Laboratory and numerical experiments on parallel
plate convection 215,
7.3 The interaction between convective elements and their
environment 226,
7.4 Convection with other shapes of boundary 239,
8. Double-diffusive convection 251,
8.1 The stability problem 251,
8.2 The formation of layers; experiments and observations 262,
8.3 The fluxes across and interface 273,
9. Mixing across density interfaces 288,
9.1 Laboratory experiments 288,
9.2 Geophysical applications 299,
10. Internal mixing processes 313,
10.1 The observational data 313,
10.2 Critical Richardson number criteria 317,
10.3 Wave-induced mixing 325,
Bibliography and author index 338,
Recent publications 359,
Subject index 362" }
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S. Baum
Dept. of Oceanography
Texas A&M University
baum@astra.tamu.edu