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Editor = "H. D. I. Abarbanel and W. R. Young"
Title = "General Circulation of the Ocean"
Publisher = "Springer-Verlag, New York"
Year = "1987"
Pages = "291"
LOC = "GC 228.5 G46 1986"
ISBN = "0-387-96354-5"
Table of contents:
1. The observation basis for large scale circulation -
P. P. Niiler 1,
2. Thermocline theories - J. Pedlosky 55,
3. Inverse methods for ocean circulation 102,
4. Baroclinic theories of the wind-driven circulation -
W. R. Young 134,
5. Single layer models of the general circulation -
M. C. Hendershott 202,
References (by chapter) 269,
Index 283 "}
Author = "M. B. Abbott"
Title = "Computational Hydraulics: Elements of the Theory of Free
Surface Flows"
Publisher = "Pitman, London"
Year = "1979"
Pages = "324"
LOC = "TC 157.8 A2"
ISBN = "0 273 01140 5"
Table of contents:
1. Discrete forms of conservation laws 1,
2. Continuous forms of conservation laws 30,
3. The method of characteristics 56,
4. Numerical methods 117,
5. The foundations of computational hydraulics 220,
6. Applications of computational hydraulics 251,
References 314,
Index 321 "}
Author = "Anikouchine, William A. and
Richard W. Sternberg"
Title = "The World Ocean: An Introduction
to Oceanography"
Publisher = "Prentice-Hall, Inc."
Year = "1973"
Pages = "338"
LOC = "78-187899"
ISBN = "0-13-967752-6"
Table of contents:
1. Introduction 2. General features of the earth and the world ocean 3. Origin of the continents, ocean basins, and continental margins 4. Chemical oceanography 5. Important physical properties of seawater 6. Atmospheric circulation 7. Oceanic circulation 8. Waves 9. Tides 10. Inshore oceanography 11. Classification and description of marine organisms 12. Introduction to biological oceanography 13. Marine ecology 14. Marine sediments 15. Oceanographic instrtuments
Author = "J. R. Apel"
Title = "Principles of Ocean Physics"
Publisher = "Academic Press"
Year = "1987"
Pages = "631"
LOC = "GC 150.5"
ISBN = "87-70490 (hardcover); ISBN 87-70489 (paperback)"
Table of contents:
1. Physical oceanography: an overview,
1.1 Introduction 1,
1.2 The evolution of modern physical oceanography 3,
2. Forcing functions and responses,
2.1 Introduction 13,
2.2 Forcing functions on and in the sea 13,
2.3 Gravitational and rotational forces 14,
2.4 Radiative, thermodynamic, and related forces 15,
2.5 Zonal and meriodional variations 21,
2.6 Wind stress 28,
2.7 The general circulation of the ocean 32,
2.8 The wind-driven ocean circulation 37,
2.9 Pressure forcing 41,
2.10 The thermohaline circulation 42,
2.11 The sea floor and its dynamics 47,
3. Hydrodynamic equations of the sea,
3.1 Introduction 61,
3.2 The convective derivative and the momentum equation 62,
3.3 Gravitational forces 64,
3.4 Effects of spin 66,
3.5 The Coriolis force 70,
3.6 More gravity 81,
3.7 Tidal forces 82,
3.8 Total potential caused by gravity and rotation 90,
3.9 Internal forces in a viscous fluid 90,
3.10 Conservation equations for mass and salinity 100,
3.11 The momentum equation 105,
3.12 Fluctuations, Reynolds stresses, and eddy
coefficients 110,
3.13 Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics 118,
4. Thermodynamics and energy relations,
4.1 Introduction 123,
4.2 Molecular structure of H2O 124,
4.3 Effects of temperature, salinity, and pressure 127,
4.4 Thermodynamics of seawater 131,
4.5 Additional thermodynamic equations 135,
4.6 Heat conduction equation 140,
4.7 Specific volume and salinity equations 141,
4.8 Equation of state 142,
4.9 Combined hydrodynamics and thermodynamics 148,
4.10 Energy flow and energy equations 152,
4.11 Total energy equations 157,
5. Geophysical fluid dynamics I: waves and tides,
5.1 Introduction 161,
5.2 Quasi-steady motions 162,
5.3 Buoyancy and stability 166,
5.4 Surface waves 170,
5.5 Linear capillary and gravity waves 175,
5.6 Dispersion characteristics of surface waves 182,
5.7 Surface gravity waves 184,
5.8 Surface capillary waves 186,
5.9 Surface wave vorticity 189,
5.10 The stream function 189,
5.11 Energy flow in surface waves 192,
5.12 Statistical descriptions of surface gravity waves 194,
5.13 Long-wave, shallow water equations 202,
5.14 Tsunami and seismic sea waves 204,
5.15 Deep sea and coastal tides 209,
5.16 Internal wave dynamics 219,
5.17 The two-layer fluid 231,
5.18 Kelvin-Helmholtz instability 239,
6. Geophysical fluid dynamics II: currents and circulation,
6.1 Introduction 247,
6.2 Surface wind stress and Ekman layer dynamics 248,
6.3 Inertial oscillations 260,
6.4 Vorticity: relative, planetary, absolute and
potential 270,
6.5 Sverdrup transport 282,
6.6 Western boundary currents and geostrophic flow 284,
6.7 Vorticity balance in a western boundary current 296,
6.8 The Rossby radius and the western boundary current 311,
6.9 Meanderings and other mesoscale motions 314,
6.10 Quasi-geostrophic motion and Rossby waves 323,
6.11 Equatorial waves and El Nino 330,
6.12 A summary dispersion diagram 335,
6.13 Large-scale circulation 337,
7. Acoustical oceanography 343,
8. Electromagnetics and the sea 405,
9. Optics of the sea 511,
Appendix 1: Fundamental physical constants 607,
Appendix 2: Astronomical and geodetic parameters 608,
Appendix 3: Representative values for oceanic and
atmospheric parameters 609,
Appendix 4: Electrical parameters 612,
Appendix 5: Dimensionless numbers for fluids 613,
Index 615 "}
Author = "Barnes, R. S. K. and R. N. Hughes"
Title = "An Introduction to Marine Ecology (2nd Ed.)"
Publisher = "Blackwell Scientific Publications"
Year = "1988"
Pages = "351"
LOC = "QH 541.5 S3"
ISBN = "0-632-02047-4 (pbk)"
Table of contents:
1. The nature and global distribution of marine organisms,
habitats and productivity 1,
1.1 Introduction 1,
1.2 The nature of the ocean 3,
1.3 The nature of marine organisms 17,
1.4 Latitudinal gradients and global patterns 37,
2. The planktonic system of surface waters 43,
2.1 The nature of pelagic photosynthesis 43,
2.2 Factors limiting primary production 46,
2.3 Distribution of phytoplankton in space and time 59,
2.4 Zooplanktonic production 65,
2.5 The spatial distribution of zooplankton 70,
2.6 The bacterioplankton 73,
2.7 Diversity and other community characteristics 74,
3. The benthos of continental shelf and littoral sediments 76,
3.1 Introduction 76,
3.2 Trophic relations 79,
3.3 Intra- and interspecific interactions 88,
3.4 Diversity 100,
3.5 Benthic communities 103,
4. Salt-marshes, mangrove-swamps and sea-grass meadows 107,
4.1 Salt-marsh and mangrove-swamp 108,
4.2 Sea-grasses 113,
5. Rocky shores and kelp forests 119,
5.1 Rocky shores 119,
5.2 Kelp forests 146,
6. Coral reefs 161,
6.1 The coral organism 161,
6.2 The structure of reefs 163,
6.3 The life histories of corals 174,
6.4 Competition between corals 179,
6.5 Predation of corals 183,
6.6 Environmental damage to corals 185,
6.7 Species diversity of associated coral-reef animals 187,
6.8 Coevolution in coral-reef communities 189,
6.9 The tropic status of corals 191,
6.10 Productivity of coral reefs 196,
6.11 Conclusions 199,
7. Pelagic and benthic systems of the deep sea 200,
7.1 Pelagic zones 200,
7.2 Benthic areas 201,
8. Fish and other nekton 211,
8.1 Movements of the nekton 211,
8.2 Population dynamics 216,
8.3 Nektonic production 222,
9. Ecology of life histories 224,
9.1 Introduction 224,
9.2 Algae and higher plants 225,
9.3 Animals 235,
10. Speciation and biogeography 264,
10.1 Introduction 264,
10.2 Speciation 264,
10.3 Biogeography 270,
11. The marine ecosystem as a functional whole 284,
11.1 The general nature of interactions within the
marine ecosystem 284,
11.2 Energy flow 287,
11.3 Nutrient cycles 295,
12. Human exploitation and interference 299,
12.1 Fisheries 299,
12.2 Pollution 307,
12.3 Reclamation 317,
References 322,
Index 332" }
Author = "Bascom, Willard"
Title = "Waves and Beaches: The Dynamics
of the Ocean Surface"
Publisher = "Doubleday"
Year = "1964"
Pages = "267"
LOC = "64-11735"
Table of contents:
I. Introduction
II. Ideal waves
III. Wind waves
IV. Waves in shallow water
V. Tides and seiches
VI. Impulsively generated waves
VII. Measuring waves and making waves
VIII. The surf
IX. Beaches
X. The littoral conveyor belt
XI. Man against the sea
Author = "Bascom, Willard"
Title = "The Crest of the Wave: Adventures
in Oceanography"
Publisher = "Doubleday Anchor"
Year = "1990"
Pages = "318"
LOC = "GC 29 B37 1990"
ISBN = "0-385-26633-2 (pbk)"
Table of contents:
I. Surveying the surf
II. Coastal technology
III. Military matters
IV. From cancer to capricorn
V. Through the South Seas
VI. Living with nuclear explosions
VII. Pausing to smell the flowers
VIII. The first deep ocean driling
IX. Diamonds from the ocean
X. Ocean science and engineering
XI. Finding a treasure gallean
XII. Ocean pollution
XIII. From the past to the future
Author = "G. K. Batchelor"
Title = "An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y."
Year = "1981"
Pages = "615"
LOC = "67-21953"
ISBN = "0 521 09817 3 (paperback)"
Table of contents:
1. The physical properties of fluids 1,
a. Solids, liquids and gases 1,
b. The continuum hypothesis 4,
c. Volume forces and surface forces acting on a fluid 7,
d. Mechanical equilibrium of a fluid 14,
e. Classical thermodynamics 20,
f. Transport phenomena 28,
g. The distinctive properties of gases 37,
h. The distinctive properties of liquids 53,
i. Conditions at a boundary between two media 60,
2. Kinematics of the flow field 71,
a. Specification of the flow field 71,
b. Conservation of mass 73,
c. Analysis of the relative motion near a point 79,
d. Expression for the velocity distribution with specified
rate of expansion and vorticity 84,
e. Singularities in the rate of expansion. Source and
sinks 88,
f. The vorticity distribution 92,
g. Velocity distributions with zero rate of expansion
and zero vorticity 99,
h. Irrotational solenoidal flow in doubly-connected
regions of space 108,
i. Three-dimensional flow fields extending to infinity 114,
j. Two-dimensional flow fields extending to infinity 124,
3. Equations covering the motion of a fluid 131,
a. Material integrals in a moving fluid 131,
b. The equation of motion 137,
c. The expression for the stress tensor 141,
d. Changes in the internal energy of a fluid in motion 151,
e. Bernoulli's theorem for steady flow of a frictionless
non-conducting fluid 156,
f. The complete set of equations governing fluid flow 164,
g. Concluding remarks to chapters 1, 2 and 3 171,
4. Flow of a uniform incompressible viscous fluid 174,
a. Introduction 174,
b. Steady unidirectional flow 179,
c. Unsteady unidirectional flow 186,
d. The Ekman layer at a boundary in a rotating fluid 195,
e. Flow with circular streamlines 201,
f. The steady jet from a point source of momentum 205,
g. Dynamical similarity and the Reynolds number 211,
h. Flow fields in which inertia forces are negligible 216,
i. Flow due to a moving body at small Reynolds number 229,
j. Oseen's improvement of the equation for flow due to
moving bodies at small Reynolds number 240,
k. The viscosity of a dilute suspension of small particles 246,
l. Changes in the flow due to moving bodies as R increases
from 1 to about 100 255,
5. Flow at large Reynolds number: effects of viscosity 264,
a. Introduction 264,
b. Vorticity dynamics 266,
c. Kelvin's circulation theorem and vorticity laws for
an inviscid fluid 273,
d. The source of vorticity in motions generated from rest 277,
e. Steady flows in which vorticity generated at a solid
surface is prevented by convection from diffusing
far away from it 282,
f. Steady two-dimensional flow in a converging or
diverging channel 294,
g. Boundary layers 302,
h. The boundary layer on a flat plate 308,
i. The effects of acceleration and deceleration of the
external stream 314,
j. Separation of the boundary layer 325,
k. The flow due to bodies moving steadily through fluid 331,
l. Jets, free shear layers and wakes 343,
m. Oscillatory boundary layers 353,
n. Flow systems with a free surface 364,
o. Examples of use of the momentum theorem 372,
6. Irrotational flow theory and its applications 378,
a. The role of the theory of flow of an inviscid fluid 378,
b. General properties of irrotational flow 380,
c. Steady flow: some applications of Bernoulli's theorem
and the momentum theorem 386,
d. General features of irrotational flow due to a moving
rigid body 398,
e. Use of the complex potential for irrotational flow
in two dimensions 409,
f. Two-dimensional irrotational flow due to a moving
cylinder with circulation 423,
g. Two-dimensional airfoils 435,
h. Axisymmetric irrotational flow due to moving bodies 449,
i. Approximate results for slender bodies 463,
j. Impulsive motion of a fluid 471,
k. Large gas bubbles in liquid 474,
l. Cavitation in a liquid 481,
m. Free-streamline theory, and steady jets and cavities 493,
7. Flow of effectively inviscid fluid with vorticity 507,
a. Introduction 507,
b. Flow in unbounded fluid at rest at infinity 517,
c. Two-dimensional flow in unbounded fluid at rest at
infinity 527,
d. Steady two-dimensional flow with vorticity throughout
the fluid 536,
e. Steady axisymmetric flow with swirl 543,
f. Flow systems rotating as a whole 555,
g. Motion in a thin layer on a rotating sphere 567,
h. The vortex system of a wing 580,
Appendices 594,
Publications referred to in the text 604,
Subject index 609 "}
Author = "Behrman, Danniel"
Title = "The New World of the
Oceans: Men and Oceanography"
Publisher = "Little, Brown and Co."
Year = "1969"
Pages = "436"
LOC = "69-16973"
Table of contents:
Author = "Andrew Bennett"
Title = "Inverse Methods in Physical Oceanography"
Publisher = "Cambridge Univ. Press"
Year = "1992"
Pages = "346"
LOC = "GC 10.4 M36 B45 1992"
ISBN = "0-521-38568-7 (hdbck)"
Table of contents:
1. Finite-dimensional inverse theory 1,
1.1 Introduction 1,
1.2 The beta-spiral 1,
1.3 Wunsch's method: a first analysis 7,
1.4 The general problem of linear algebra: the
Moore-Penrose inverse and its singular-value
decomposition 13,
1.5 Wunsch's method revisited 18,
1.6 Remarks 23,
1.7 Water mass analysis 27,
1.8 Steady tracers 37,
1.9 A smoothed inversion 44,
2. The smoothing of observations 47,
2.1 Introduction 47,
2.2 Gauss-Markov smoothing 47,
2.3 Smoothing splines 56,
2.4 Wunsch's method as smoothing 65,
3. Data assimilation 67,
3.1 Introduction 67,
3.2 Initialization: theory and examples 69,
3.3 The Kalman filter 76,
3.4 Remarks and exercises 80,
3.5 Examples of Kalman filters 84,
4. The spatial structure of the Kalman filter 90,
4.1 Spatial structure 90,
4.2 Measurement at a single position 94,
4.3 Altimetry 104,
5. Generalized inverses of dynamical models 112,
5.1 Introduction 112,
5.2 The field, the data, and the model 113,
5.3 The generalized inverse: Euler-Langrange equations 114,
5.4 The representer solution 118,
5.5 Geometrical formulation 121,
5.6 Error estimates for the generalized inverse 124,
5.7 The sweep algorithm 129,
5.8 The method of Backus and Gilbert 135,
5.9 Gradient descent 140,
5.10 Remarks 145,
5.11 The calculus of variations: a tutorial 148,
6. Antenna analysis 151,
6.1 Introduction 151,
6.2 Canonical decomposition 152,
6.3 Examples 157,
7. Nonlinear quasi-geostrophic models 181,
7.1 Introduction 181,
7.2 A nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model 183,
7.3 The generalized inverse 184,
7.4 A naive iteration scheme 187,
7.5 A bounded iteration scheme 188,
7.6 An illustration 193,
8. Open-ocean modeling: quasi-geostrophy 203,
8.1 Introduction 203,
8.2 Classical boundary conditions of plane hydrodynamics 204,
8.3 Charney-Fjortoft-von Neumann boundary condition 207,
8.4 Well-posedness 214,
8.5 Discontinuities, wavefronts, the beta-effect and
characteristics 220,
8.6 Fixes 230,
8.7 Inverse formulation (I) 234,
8.8 Inverse formulation (II) 239,
8.9 Representer solutions 242,
8.10 An atmospheric example 247,
8.11 Transient tracers 255,
9. Primitive-equation models 257,
9.1 Introduction 257,
9.2 Boundary conditions: shallow-water theory 259,
9.3 Boundary conditions: stratified flow 267,
9.4 Inverse formulation 275,
10. Outstanding problems 283,
10.1 The general circulation 283,
10.2 Parameter estimation 291,
10.3 Discontinuous fields and discontinuous dynamics 298,
10.4 Computer architecture 304,
10.5 Prior estimates 315,
Bibliography 317,
Subject index 340 "}
Author = "Norman Bleistein"
Title = "Mathematical Methods for Wave Phenomena"
Publisher = "Academic Press"
Year = "1984"
Pages = "341"
LOC = "QA 927 B54 1984"
ISBN = "0-12-105650-3"
Table of contents:
1. First-order partial differential equations 1,
2. The Dirac delta function, Fourier transforms, and
asymptotics 45,
3. Second-order partial differential equations 92,
4. The wave equation in one space dimension 100,
5. The wave equation in two and three dimensions 145,
6. The Helmholtz equation and other elliptic equations 165,
7. More on asymptotics 204,
8. Asymptotic techniques for direct scattering problems 241,
9. Inverse methods for reflector imaging 302,
Index 339 "}
Author = "Bowen, Robert"
Title = "Isotopes and Climates"
Publisher = "Elsevier"
Year = "1991"
Pages = "483"
LOC = "QC 884 B613"
ISBN = "1-85166-409-2"
Table of contents:
Author = "Bradley, R. S."
Title = "Quaternary Paleoclimatology"
Publisher = "Allen and Unwin"
Year = "1985"
Pages = "472"
LOC = "QC 884 B614 1984"
ISBN = "0-04-551067-9 (hbk); 0-04-551068-7 (pbk)"
Table of contents:
1. Paleoclimatic reconstruction 2. Climate and climatic variation 3. Dating methods - I 4. Dating methods - II 5. Ice cores 6. Marine sediments 7. Non-marine geological evidence 8. Non-marine biological evidence 9. Pollen analysis 10. Dendroclimatology 11. Historical data 12. Quaternary paleoclimatology: future directions
Author = "L. Brekhovskikh and Yu. Lysanov"
Title = "Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics"
Publisher = "Springer Verlag"
Year = "1982"
Pages = "250"
LOC = "QC 242.2 B733"
ISBN = "0-387-11305-3"
Table of contents:
1. The ocean as an acoustic medium 1,
1.1 Sound velocity in sea water 1,
1.2 Typical vertical profiles of sound velocity and
corresponding conditions of sound propagation 2,
1.3 Absorption of sound 9,
1.4 Variability of the ocean and its effect on acoustics 11,
1.5 Ocean surface 19,
1.6 Sound scattering at the ocean surface 21,
1.7 Sound scattering by air bubbles 24,
1.8 Deep-scattering layers (DSL) 26,
1.9 Ocean bottom 27,
1.10 Ambient noise 30,
2. Ray theory of the sound field in the ocean 32,
3. Reflection of sound from the surface and bottom of
the ocean: plane waves 47,
4. Reflection of sound from the surface and bottom of
the ocean: point source 68,
5. Propagation of sound in shallow water 91,
6. Underwater sound channel 109,
7. Range-dependent waveguide 139,
8. Antiwaveguide sound propagation 157,
9. Scattering of sound at rough surfaces 173,
10. Sound propagation in the random ocean 208,
11. Scattering and absorption of sound by gas bubbles
in water 230,
References 241,
Subject index 247 "}
Author = "Broecker, Wallace Smith, and Tsung-Hung Peng"
Title = "Tracers in the Sea"
Publisher = "Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia Univ.,
Palisades, N.Y. 10964"
Year = "1982"
Pages = "690"
Table of contents:
1. Internal cycling and throughput: Pathways from river mouth
to sea floor 1,
2. The sedimentary sink 45,
3. The atmospheric imprint: The cycles of gases within the sea 110,
4. Reactive metals and the great particulate sweep: The cycle
of metals in the sea 166,
5. How fast does the mill grind?: Rates of vertical mixing and
sediment accumulation 236,
6. What keeps the system in whack?: Control mechanisms
operating in the sea 275,
7. Freight trains and Fickian diffusion: The movement of water
through the deep sea 317,
8. The anthropogenic invasion: The movement of water through
the oceanic thermocline 383,
9. Ice sheets and ocean phosphate: Glacial to interglacial
changes in ocean chemistry 444,
10. Can man override the controls?: The buildup of fossil fuel
CO2 in the atmosphere and oceans 500,
References, constants, definitions, abbreviations and index 569 " }
Author = "C. E. P. Brooks"
Title = "Climate Through the Ages"
Publisher = "Dover, N. Y."
Year = "1970"
Pages = "395"
LOC = "74 100543"
ISBN = "486-22245-4"
Table of contents:
I. The climatic factors and their variations,
1. "Glacial" and "non-glacial" periods 31,
2. Pressure and winds 46,
3. The circulation of the oceans 68,
4. Radiation from the sun 89,
5. Astronomical factors of climate 102,
6. The absorption of radiation by the atmosphere 110,
7. The effect of cloudiness on temperature 122,
8. Continentality and temperature 129,
9. Precipitation - rain, snow and hail 158,
10. Mountain-building and climate 177,
11. The weather of the warm periods 192,
II. Geological climates and their causes,
12. The geography of the past 201,
13. The theory of continental drift 221,
14. An examination of the climatic evidence for
continental drift 231,
15. The climate of the upper Carboniferous glacial
period 247,
16. The climate of the Quaternary 263,
III. The climates of the historical past,
17. The nature of the evidence 281,
18. Europe 295,
19. Asia 318,
20. Africa 329,
21. America and Greenland 342,
22. The interpretation of climatic fluctuations in the
historical period 359,
Appendix I - The geological time-scale 379,
Appendix II - Theories of climatic change 384,
Index 387 "}
Author = "Budyko, M. I."
Title = "Climate and Life"
Publisher = "Academic Press"
Year = "1974"
Pages = "508"
Table of contents:
NYA
S. Baum
Dept. of Oceanography
Texas A&M University
baum@astra.tamu.edu