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Last checked or modified: Feb. 4, 1999

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X Organization
X.Org is the worldwide consortium responsible for the collaborative development of the X Window System.

[http://www.x.org/]

xa
X Animation is an animation package with a panel interface for convenient access to animation, display, and colormap functions. Typical workstation performance numbers are a display rate of 50 frames/sec or better with 400x400 8-bit images.

The source code for xa is available. It is written in C and can be installed on generic UNIX workstations with the XView widget set. Binary versions are also available for DEC Alpha, Linux Intel, SGI IRIX, and Sun SunOS and Solaris platforms.

[ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/X11/contrib/applications/]

X10
A protocol for implementing home automation by controlling appliances and the like via hardware plugged into wall sockets. Communication is via the standard electrical wiring in a house.

[http://www.x10-beta.com/ActiveHome/]

HEYU
A program to operate the CM11A computer interface that runs the X10 protocol.

[http://heyu.tanj.com/heyu/]

xtend
A program that allows X10 commands to run programs or perform other tasks on a UNIX box. This can be used to, for example, playing a welcome message when a motion sensor detects that you've entered a room.

[http://www.jabberwocky.com/software/xtend/]

X11 (X Window System)
A software package created at MIT to provide a uniform environment for graphical programming on UNIX systems. It is publicly available, has been implemented on many systems (including the XFree86 port for Linux systems), and defines a programming style based on a client/server model with an explicit separation of hardware-dependent components and application programs. The X Window System consists of four major components:
  • an X Server program running on the application user's computer which controls the graphical display hardware and handles input and output;
  • X Clients, i.e. application programs that use the display and input resources of computer that may not be the one on which they're running;
  • the X Protocol which consists of the types and uses of messages that control interactions between X Client applications and the X Server; and
  • the X Library which provides an API for X Protocol exchanges (see Xlib).
See the X Organization as well as Bowman (2000), Cutler et al. (1992), Ferguson and Brennan (1993), Flanagan (1992), Flanagan (1994), Heller et al. (1994), Johnson and Reichard (1994), Jones (1989), Mui and Pearce (1992), Mui and Quercia (1994), Nye (1992b), Nye (1992c), Nye (1995), Nye (1992a), Nye and O'Reilly (1992), Quercia and O'Reilly (1993a), Quercia and O'Reilly (1993b), Sheifler et al. (1988), and Young (1989).

Each new version of the distribution contains new functionality. The new functionality in R6 included:

  • the X Image Extension (XIE);
  • the Inter-Client Exchange Protocol and Library;
  • the X Session Management Protocol and Library;
  • the Input Method Protocol;
  • X Logical Font Descriptions;
  • the SYNC, XTEST, BIG-REQUESTS and XC-MISC extensions; and
  • the PEX 5.1 protocol and library.
The new functionality in R6.1 included:
  • the X Keyboard extension;
  • double buffering for smooth animation; and
  • protocol recording.
The new functionality in R6.3 included:
  • support for Web integration;
  • protection of data from untrusted client connections;
  • a bandwidth- and latency-optimized protocol for using X across the Internet;
  • a print protocol following the Xlib API; and
  • support for vertical text writing and user-defined characters in the Xlib implementation.
The new functionality in R6.4 included:
  • Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) for setting ``green'' computer monitors into power saving mode;
  • Extended Visual Information (EVI) to allow applications to discover more about the graphics capabilities of the server than is possible with the core protocol;
  • Colormap Utilization Policy (TOG-CUP) to allow applications to discover desktop special colors, e.g. Windoze reserved colors on PC-based X servers, and store read-only (i.e. sharable) colors in specific locations in a colormap; and
  • Xinerama, a wide screen server that combines two or more screens into a single virtual screen.

Quite of bit of documentation in PostScript format is freely available with the X distribution. The documents in the X11R6.4 distribution include:

Entries related to the administration of or basic programming with X11 include:

  • Xaw/Xaw3d, a common widget set built on top of Xt and Xlib;
  • xdm, a display manager for managing one or more X displays;
  • x11perf, an X11 server performance test program;
  • X-extension, a Python interface to Xt, Xaw and Motif;
  • XFree86, a port of X11 to Intel x86 processor-based platforms;
  • xfsft, patches to X11R6 that enable the use of TrueType fonts;
  • XIE, an X11 extension providing a mechanism for transferring and displaying images;
  • Xlib, the basic C library interface to X11 on which many higher-level widget sets are built;
  • XMX, a utility for sharing an X11 session on multiple displays;
  • Xt, an object-oriented interface implemented on top of Xlib for creating graphical components.

[http://www.x.org/]
[http://www.x11.org/]

X-12-ARIMA
A program for seasonally adjusting economic time series as developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. The Fortran program includes an extensive set of time series model building capabilities for fitting regARIMA models, i.e. regression models with ARIMA errors. Such models are used to extend series with forecasts (or backcasts) to improve the seasonal adjustments of the most recent (or earliest) data. A source code distribution is available as is a user's manual in PostScript format.

[ftp://ftp.census.gov/pub/ts/x12a/]

xabacus
An abacus X widget.

[ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/widgets/]

Xalan
An XSL processor for transforming XML documents into HTML, text or other XML document types. Version 1.0.1 is a complete and robust reference Java implementation of XSLT and XPath. Xalan can be used from the command line, in an applet or servlet, or as a module in another program. It uses the Xerces XML parser but can interface to any XML parser conforming to the DOM level 2 or SAX level 1 specification. The features of Xalan include:
  • implementation of XSLT version 1.0 and XPath version 1.0;
  • optional use of the Document Table Model (DTM) for avoiding the object overhead of constructing and manipulating DOM trees;
  • interfacing with a SAX document handler or any XML parser that can produce Java DOM trees;
  • output to either SAX or DOM;
  • support for Java and scripting language extensions; and
  • a redirect extension to support the production of multiple output documents in a single operation.

[http://xml.apache.org/xalan/index.html]

XANADU
A package consisting of high-level, multi-mission utilities for X-ray astronomical spectral, timing, and imaging data analysis. A general plotting program is also included.

The components of XANADU include:

  • XSPEC, a spectral program for command-driven, interactive X-ray spectral-fitting designed to be detector-independent (and has been used with data from HEAO-1 A2, EXOSAT, Ginga, ROSAT, BBXRT, ASCA, CGRO and IUE);
  • XIMAGE, an imaging program for multi-mission X-ray image display and analysis designed to be instrument independent and to support the analysis of data from any X-ray imaging detector provided that the proper calibration files are available;
  • XRONOS, a general purpose timing analysis package consisting of a collection of programs for light curves, hardness ratio and color-color plotting, epoch folding, power spectrum and autocorrelation analysis, cross-correlation analysis, time skewness, and general statistical analysis; and
  • QDP/PLT, a plotting package wherein the Quick and Dandy Plotting program reads ASCII files containing various plotting commands and data and calls PLT subroutines which execute the commands and plot the data (using the PGPLOT subroutine library).

The source code for the XANADU system is available as are binaries for Sun SunOS and Solaris, SGI IRIX, and DEC Alpha and Ultrix platforms. Compilation is straightforward via the use of a system of make files which can be modified fairly easily for compilation on other platforms, e.g. Linux. The code is written in Fortran and C. Each of the three main components XSPEC, XIMAGE and XRONOS are available in a separate distribution as is the QDP/PLT package (which is bundled with various other libraries used by the system). The system is well documented with separate manuals available for each component in HTML and PostScript formats.

[http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xanadu/xanadu.html]

Xang
A Java application for building data-driven, cross-platform Web applications that integrate disparate data sources. The Xang architecture cleanly separates data, logic and presentation, and is based on open standards. It extends the behavior of existing Web servers by allowing authors to create applications that respond to requests and generate dynamic output synthesized from different data sources.

A Xang application is defined by a single .XAP file that aggregates multiple data sources, makes that data URL addressable and defines custom methods to access that data. These custom methods can be invoked through simple HTTP requests, via a Web browser or simple client side API. Data sources are aggregated into one unified hierarchy via XML includes and Java plug-ins which implement the standard DOM APIs. These plug-ins provide two-way access to the data via the DOM API. A .XAP file is an XML text file that defines the data sources, the mapping of requests to methods, and the logic of the methods. The structure of the .XAP file is a hierarchy of URL addressable elements.

[http://xml.apache.org/xang/index.html]

Xanim
A program for viewing a wide variety of animation formats under X11. Currently supported are FLI, FLC, IFF, GIF87a, GIF89a, DL, Amiga PFX and Moviesetter, URT RLE, AVI, Quicktime, JFIF, MPEG and WAV format. This should install and run on generic UNIX boxes running X11.

[http://smurfland.cit.buffalo.edu/xanim/]
[http://www.tm.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de/xanim/]
[http://xanim.va.pubnix.com/home.html]

GXanim
A GTK-based GUI for Xanim.

[http://www.iag.net/~aleris/gxanim.html]

tkxanim
A Tcl/Tk front-end to the xanim program.

[http://members.yourlink.net/aaron/tkxanim.html]

Xaw/Xaw3d
The Athena Widget Set is a library package layered on top of Xt and Xlib that provides a set of user interface tools which can be used to build a variety of applications. It extends the basic abstractions provided by X and provides a higher layer of functionality by supplying a cohesive set of sample widgets. The original Xaw has been updated with a 3-D look in a version called Xaw3d, which has itself been improved in a package called Xaw-Xpm. All are available at the given URL. It is included in the standard X Window System distributions. See also Xraw and neXtaw.

[http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/libs/]

Xaw3d
A set of 3-D widgets based on the X11R5 Athena widget set, i.e. Xaw. Xaw3d may be used as a general replacement for Xaw. Almost any Xaw-based application can be relinked with Xaw3d to obtain a 3-D appearance, and with shared libraries libXaw can be replaced by libXaw3d to obtain a 3-D appearance without even relinking.

Xaw-Xpm
An improved version of the X Athena Widget 3-D widget set (Xaw3d) which adds such features as: the capability of playing .au files, true 3-D menus with borders having 3-D bevels rather than flat single colors, shaped widgets, right-hand scrollbars in the text widget, a new scrollbar style that allows both arrows to be at one end of the bar, the capability of placing borders around the actual text in some widgets, better color handling of 8-bit displays, and more.

[http://www.zip.com.au/~bb/XawXpm/]

xawtv
A small suite of Video4Linux-related software including:
  • xawtv, an X11 application for the bttv driver for watching TV;
  • fbtv, a TV applications for the Linux console that uses the framebuffer devices in kernels 2.2.*;
  • set-tv, a command-line tool for setting Video4Linux parameters;
  • streamer, a command-line tool for capturing still images and AVI videos with sound;
  • webcam, which captures images and uploads them via FTP to a Web server in a loop; and
  • radio and kradio, console- and KDE-based radio listening applications.

[http://www.in-berlin.de/User/kraxel/xawtv.html]

xax500
An X.500 Directory User Agent (DUA) which allows the searching and modifying of database entries. It supports both X.500 and Kerberos authentication and has a context-sensitive hypertext help system. It is highly configurable with the search options, display configuration, and help system all modifiable. A source code distribution of xax500 is available. Compilation requires the Motif library as well as the UM-LDAP package.

[http://www.umich.edu/~dirsvcs/x500/xax500/xax500.html]

Xbae
The X11 Bellcore Application Environment consists of a set of widget classes for displaying captions and for displaying collections of objects in matrix format. XbaeMatrix is a Motif widget which presents an editable array of string data in a scrollable table similar to a spreadsheet. It has callbacks for doing field validation and customizing traversal, and allows cells to be assigned independent colors. It allows rows, columns, and regions of cells to be selected or highlighted, and the matrix can be dynamically grown or shrunk by adding or deleting rows and columns at any position. There are many resources available with which the matrix can be customized, and pixmaps can be displayed in individual cells. XbaeCaption is a simple Motif manager widget used to associated a caption (XmLabel) with its single child. The label can be either an XmString or a pixmap and can be displayed in any one of twelve positions around the perimeter of the child.

A source code distribution of Xbae is available. The widgets are written in C and can be compiled and used on many UNIX platforms via the use of the Imake script included in the distribution. Each widget is documented in a man page.

[http://www.xbae.syd.net.au/]
[ftp://ftp.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/src/X11/wafe/]

Xbase
A DBMS in the form of a class and function library for manipulating Xbase type datafiles and indices. This supports both C and C++ programs. The available routines includes those for supporting multi-user access for .DBF databases, fields, Dbase II and IV memo fields, dates, record and file locking, and NDX indices. A source code distribution is available. This is documented in a user's guide in HTML format.

[http://www.gbob.com/xbase/xbase.html]

Xbeeb
An emulator for the Acorn BBC Model B computer which runs on UNIX/X Window systems.

[http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~james/BBCMicro/Xbeeb/index.html]

XBEL
The XML Bookmark eXchange Language is an interchange format for the hierarchical bookmark data used by currently available Internet browsers. It is an application of XML.

[http://www.python.org/topics/xml/xbel/]

XBLAS
The eXtended Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines are a set of Fortran 77 programs which perform various matrix and vector operations not in the the regular BLAS. The programs in this package include:
  • CDCDOT, which computes complex precision dot products and adds a scalar via the use of double precision accumulation;
  • CSROT, which applies a Givens plane rotation to a complex matrix;
  • DCDOT, which computes a complex precision dot product using double precision accumulation;
  • ISAMIN, which finds the smallest index of the minimum magnitude component of a real vector;
  • ISMAX, which finds the smallest index of the maximum component of a real vector;
  • ISMIN, which finds the smallest index of the minimum component of a real vector; and
  • SCOPYM, which copies the negative of an array into another array with corresponding increments.

A source code distribution of XBLAS is available. All routines are written in Fortran 77 and documented via comment statements contained within each source code file. This is part of CMLIB.

[http://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/public/computing/general/statlib/cmlib/]

xboard
An X Window chess program that you can play against. It whups me regularly but I'm no Bobby Fischer. The source code is of the form xboard*.tar.gz.

[http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/order/ftp.html]

Xbvl
A Lisp dialect used at the University of Paris. Its salient features include automatic code optimization and the capability of adding additional activities to Lisp functions, instructions, and variables which don't affect program behavior. Xbvl also has interfaces to X11, Xaw, and OpenGL (including the Mesa library). A source code distribution of Xbvl is available. The basic compiler is written in portable C. All of the documentation contained within the distribution is written in, as you might expect, French.

[http://www.ai.univ-paris8.fr/aparu/
xbvl-home-en.html]

X-CD-Roast
A full X-based CD writer program which is the successor to the cdwtools program. It is a front-end from some other CD-related programs like cdwrite and mkisofs (both of which are included in the distribution). These programs make it possible to copy or create CDs with just a few mouse clicks. The features include:
  • automatic SCSI hardware setup;
  • copying of ISO-9660, non-ISO-9660, mixed mode, and audio CDs;
  • mastering of ISO-9660 data CDs;
  • creation of audio CDs;
  • quick CD to CD copying; and
  • a automatic logfile facility.
A list of supported CD writers can be found at the home site.

The X-CD-Roast package is written in C and Tcl/Tk and also requires the Tcl Tix extension. A compiled binary of Tcl/Tk/Tix is included in the distribution. Installation is easy with the included makefile. The package is documented in an HTML-format user's guide included with the distribution. The January 1998 issue of the Linux Journal contains an introduction to X-CD-Roast.

[http://www.fh-muenchen.de/home/ze/rz/services/projects/xcdroast/]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/]

X-Chat
An IRC client for X11 that uses GTK. The features include:
  • the look and feel of AmIRC for the Amiga;
  • DCC SEND, RECEIVE and RESUME;
  • mIRC color;
  • multiple server/channel windows with one thread;
  • dialog windows; and
  • optional Perl scripting.
A source code distribution is available.

[http://xchat.linuxpower.org/]

XCircuit
A package for drawing high-quality electrical circuit schematic diagrams and similar figures. The XCircuit graphics capabilities are object-based and can be used for drawing arbitrary figures similar to xfig. It is especially useful for drawing tasks requring the repeated use of standard graphical objects, e.g. architectural drawing, printed circuit board layout, or music typography. The features of XCircuit include:
  • creating new objects such as polygons, boxes, arcs, splines, texts, arbitrary user-created objects, and paths that join elements;
  • various text creation and editing capabilities including changing fonts and font styles, changing justification, overlining and underlining, subscripts and superscripts, editing existing test, and using special characters in text;
  • element editing tasks including deleting and undeleting, copying selecting and deselecting, rotating, flipping horizontally and vertically, aligning to grids, changing border styles, transferring elements between pages, changing object size and color, etc.;
  • editing arcs, polygons and curves;
  • creating and editing libraries of elements;
  • main window options such as zooming in and out, panning, creating and changing grids, changing color schemes, adding fonts and colors, etc.;
  • loading files in XCircuit and LGF formats; and
  • exporting files in XCircuit, LGF and PostScript formats.

Source code and binary distributions of XCircuit are available, with the latter including an executable for Linux Intel platforms. The source can be compiled on most UNIX/X11 platforms via the supplied makefiles. In addition to the basic program there are is also a repository of object libraries including both the basic and contributed sets. Documentation includes an online tutorial.

[http://bach.ece.jhu.edu/~tim/programs/xcircuit/]

xclass
An Xlib-based GUI toolkit written in C++ that has the look and feel of Win95. It is mostly independent of the underlying window manager, although some special features require support in fvwm95. The classes currently (3//97) implemented included simple widgets (i.e. labels and icons), push buttons with either text or pixmaps, check and radio buttons, menu bars and pop-up menus, scroll bars, a scrollable canvas, list boxes, combo boxes, group frames, text entry widgets, tab widgets, general purpose composite widgets for building toolbars and status bars, dialog classes, and top-level window classes. This is available either as source code or as a binary for Linux Intel systems.

[http://www.terraware.net/ftp/pub/Mirrors/FVWM95/xclass.html]

Xclasses
A C++ layout library for the X Window system in which all objects (called gadgets) are font sensitive, i.e. their size changes automatically with the size of the screen and window. All gadgets have the same base class and are put together in groups which manage the correct size of all gadgets inside. Xclasses can be used to easily construct font and context sensitive GUIs.

Xclasses is available in binary format for Linux Intel, SGI IRIX and IBM AIX platforms. The distribution also includes several example programs built with the library. The library is documented in a large user's guide in PDF format which is thus far (4/97) only available in German.

[http://www.fsai.fh-trier.de/~schmitzj/Xclasses/]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/X/c++libs/]

XCmail
A mail user agent (MUA) for UNIX systems which was designed mainly to read and write mail with attached data, e.g. mail with MIME types. XCmail is POP3 capable and was built using the Xclasses layout library. It also has encoders that can encode/decode binary data into ASCII to allow transporting via Internet mail. Other features include a GUI interface designed to be largely self-explanatory, support for multiple mailboxes, an address book for favorite email addresses, and support for PGP within PGP MIME format (RFC-2015). A source code distribution of XCmail is available.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/mail/mua/]

Xcog
An interactive 2-D overlapping grid generator. Overlapping grids consist of a number of component grids wherein boundary-fitted curvilinear components resolve the details near the boundary of the computational domain and the background grids, often Cartesian, covering the remaining parts of the domain. Xcog works via a set of commands for creating and manipulating the grids or meshes. These commands include:
  • make-mapping, for designing a new mapping;
  • change-mapping, for changing the properties of an existing mapping;
  • copy-mapping, for creating a new mapping and copying all values from an existing mapping;
  • transform-mapping, for rotating, translating and scaling a mapping;
  • color-mapping, for changing the color of a mapping;
  • mark-mapping-boundary, for identifying external segments of mappings that are aligned with the boundary of the computational domain;
  • make-curve, for designing a new curve;
  • boundary-condition, for changing the boundary conditions of a mapping;
  • grid-lines, for setting the number of grid lines for mapping;
  • overlap-parameters, for changing the overlap parameters;
  • compute-overlap, for setting the parameters for the composite grid and computing the intergrid communication from a selected subset of component grids;
and several more.

A source code distribution of Xcog is available. It is written using Fortran, C and Xlib and should be usable on any UNIX platform with all three capabilities. It also requires the HDF library for storing the calculated grids. It is documented in a user's guide available in PostScript and HTML formats.

[http://www.na.chalmers.se/~andersp/xcog/xcog.html]

xcopilot
An emulator for the 3Com or USRobotics Pilot or PalmPilot or Palm III that runs on UNIX/X11 systems. Source code and binary distributions are available.

[http://xcopilot.cuspy.com/]

Xcoral
A multiwindow mouse-based text editor for the X Window System. Xcoral is a direct Xlib client and runs on color or black and white X displays.

The features of Xcoral include:

  • a built-in browser which enables navigation through C functions, C++ classes, Java classes, methods and files;
  • a built-in small ANSI C interpreter (Smac) which dynamically extends the editor's functionality to user-defined functions, key bindings, modes, etc.);
  • the provision of variable width fonts, menus, a toolbars, scrollbars, buttons, searching, region selection, kill-buffers, macros and undo;
  • an online manual box with a table of contents and an index;
  • facilities to aid in the creation of LaTeX and HTML documents;
  • commands accessible from either menus or key bindings;
  • color syntax highlighting for C/C++/Java modes with auto-indent and a RCS interface; and
  • accessibility of UNIX commands from within the editor.

Xcoral is available for Sun SunOS and Solaris, Linux Intel, IBM AIX, HP-UX, SGI IRIX, and DEC Alpha OSF/1 platforms. The documentation is available online from within the editor.

[ftp://ftp.inria.fr/X/contrib-R5/clients/]

xd
A UNIX utility that dumps files in hexadecimal, decimal or octal with ISO characters optionally side by side. File addresses can also be shown in any of these formats. It can read files in any of the formats it writes and create binary files from the data therein. Thus you can dump a binary file with xd, edit it with a text editor, and then recreate the binary file with the changes. It can also transform a binary file into a C data declaration which permits embedding its contents into a program. A source code distribution is available which is documented in a man page.

[http://www.fourmilab.ch/xd/]

xdang
A data visualization or viewing package that does vector plots, contour plots and color maps. It slices and dices 3-D data and will plot in Cartesian or cylindrical coordinates. The author says that it is portable to any UNIX platform with the X Window system.

[http://barkley.ME.Berkeley.EDU/~dan]

XDataSlice
A color imaging and data analysis tool based on the X Window system. It was developed for the analysis of 3-D 32-bit floating point scientific data stored in NCSA HDF format. Features include color raster display of 2D slices from 3D datasets, display of actual data values in spreadsheet form, continuous and single-step animation of color raster images, tiling of multiple images in a single window, arbitrary slicing and dicing, 3-D visible volume rendering, and many more. The source code is available as well as binaries for Cray, Dec (3100 and Alpha), IBM, SGI, and Sun platforms.

[ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Unix/XDataSlice/]

XDBM
An XML DataBase Manager is a database for XML files. The use of XML offers several advantages including greater speed (since the data has already been parsed)xi and less memory usage (since only the required parts of the XML file are loaded into memory). This is available under the QPL.

[http://www.bowerbird.com.au/XDBM/]

XDelta
A binary delta generator library developed with the intent of replacing RCS in PRCS. XDelta is a library interface and application program designed to compute changes between files. It can apply these deltas to a copy of the original file(s) and also includes a simple implementation of the rsync algorithm as well as several advanced features for implementing RCS-like file archive. The improvements in XDelta over RCS include:
  • easily discarding old versions in date order regardless of ancestry;
  • retrieving all versions in time proportional to their age and not their ancestry;
  • using a new file format that allows individual deltas to be compressed as they age so the entire archive need not be compressed at once;
  • freeing higher applications such as PRCS from the hidden performance implications of version number allocation; and
  • the efficient synchronization of archives, even when their contents are disjoint and differently ordered.
A source code distribution is available which requires zlib and GLIB for compilation and use.

[http://www.xcf.berkeley.edu/~jmacd/xdelta.html]

xdm
The X11 Display Manager is a program for managing one or more X displays either on a local host or remote servers. It is basically the graphical analog of such programs as init, getty and login on character terminals. Running this will produce a graphical login screen (via the Xlogin widget). Xdm keeps a list of servers to manage and also listens to the XDMCP (X Display Manager Control Protocol) port for other servers requesting management. It spawns a copy of itself for each managed server and runs a script to set up the user environment when a user has been authenticated via entering a password.

A configuration file called xdm-config allows the configuration of many aspects of xdm. This is usually located in /etc/X11/xdm or /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm. The xdm program runs other scripts in this directory. The order is Xsetup (then the login), Xstartup (as root), Xsession (as the user), and Xreset (at the end of the session to clean up and reset the server). The Xsession script can also be used to run .xinitrc to start various X resources such as window managers. If xdm is not used, then the X server is usually started with the startx command. This program is included in the standard X11 distributions and described in a man page.

[http://linuxcentral.com/linux/man-pages/xdm.1x.html]
[http://www.rru.com/~meo/pubsntalks/xrj/xdm.html]

XDR
The eXternal Data Representation standard is for the description and encoding of data for the purposes of transferring data between different computer architectures. XDR uses a data description language which allows the concise representation of intricate data formats. It is not a programming language and can thus only be used to describe data, allowing intricate data formats to be described in a concise manner. XDR fits into the ISO presentation layer and is somewhat analagous in purpose to X.409, the ISO Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN). Various other protocols such as RPC and NFS use XDR to describe the format of their data. Related software packages include:

[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1014.html]
[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1790.html]
[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1832.html]

xdvi
A program for displaying TeX DVI files under X11.

[http://math.berkeley.edu/~vojta/xdvi.html]

xdvik
A version of xdvi modified to work with the kpathsea path searching library. Other additional features include:
  • a file selection dialog box;
  • support for HyperTeX; and
  • support for Omega.

[http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/xdvi/]

xdvipresent
A package for developing slides for online presentations using LaTeX and xdvi on a Linux PC running X11.

[http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/]

xearth
A program that sets the X11 root window to an image of the Earth as seen from a chosen vantage point and correctly shaded for the current position of the Sun. This will work on almost any UNIX/X11 platform.

[http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~tuna/xearth/index.html]

Xed
An interactive text editor for the X Window System based on the Athena widgets (Xaw). Similar to aXe.

[ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/editors/]

x11perf
A program that runs one or more X11 server performance tests and reports how fast they are executed by the server. It is meant to comprehensively exercise every X11 operation that can be performed. This measures window management performance as well as traditional graphics performance, including benchmarks for the time it takes to create and map windows, to map a pre-existing set of windows onto the screen, and to rearrange windows. It also measures graphics performance for operations frequently used by X applications. This can be used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of particular servers, as well as for server intercomparisons. This is included in standard X11 distributions and is described in a man page.

XEmacs
This is an alternative to GNU Emacs originally based on an early alpha version of version 19. This used to be known as Lucid Emacs through version 19.10. Almost all features of GNU Emacs are supported or implemented in a better way in XEmacs. Features include more bundled packages than GNU Emacs, binaries for many common operating systems, a built-in toolbar, better Motif compliance, variable-width fonts, marginal annotations, ToolTalk support, horizontal and vertical scrollbars, better APIs for attaching fonts, colors, and other properties to text, the ability to embed arbitrary graphics in a buffer, and complete compatibility (at the C level) with the Xt-based toolkits.

[http://www.xemacs.org/]

Xenmenu
A package to create ASCII menu environments or GUIs on UNIX systems. Xenmenu uses an easy menu programming language which enables menus to be quickly created and modified on the fly. It can also be used as a shell, the purpose for which it was originally created. A source code version of Xenmenu is available. It is currently (1/98) in the Alpha testing phase.

[http://www.xenos.net/~xenon/software/xenmenu/index.html]

Xenon
A simple X Window-based text editor for such tasks as editing source code, system configuration files, scripts, or other ASCII text files. The features include:
  • speed, simplicity, and low memory use;
  • search by substring or regular expression;
  • unlimited undo and redo;
  • display of line numbers;
  • some X resource configuration although mostly command keys;
  • some error dialogs; and
  • multiple files in separate windows.

A source code distribution of Xenon is available. It is written in C++ and can be compiled on most UNIX platforms using g++. It is documented in a man page.

[http://www.proximity.com.au/~ben/xenon.html]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X/]

Xephem
An interactive astronomical ephemeris package with a number of interesting capabilities. It provides many graphical views as well as quantitative heliocentric, geocentric, and topocentric information for Earth satellites, the solar system, and celestial objects. This highly interactive program is controlled via a main menu that provides control and display of three basic services: observing circumstances, looping, and access to additional displays. Observing circumstances include location, time, and (for the refraction model) atmospheric conditions. Looping is the ability to set things up to automatically increment time at a selected step size and rate. Additional displays provide all of the graphical and quantitative information that is available. A large database is included in the distribution as well as the capability of reading other popular astronomical databases. Extensive context-sensitive help is available on all screens.

The main Xephem menu provides access to various views including:

  • a sky view that displays the sky in RA-Dec or Alt-Az mode at any scale, automatically loads Hubble GSC and/or PPM/SAO field stars, displays information about constellations (e.g. names, figures, and boundaries), shows the Bayer designations in a Greek character set, offers coordinate grid or a round or square eyepiece overlays, allows scenes to be flipped either way, and has a zoom capability;
  • a moon view based on a high resolution, full gray-scale image which can be displayed at four different magnifications, can can display umbral and penumbral boundaries during eclipses, an optional lunar latitude and longitude grid overlay, a true sky background, a user adjustable Earth shine proportion, and subsolar, subearth, and libration information that can be computed and a database of over 1200 lunar features that can be labeled;
  • an Earth view that can be switched between cylindrical and spherical formats, has an easy trail setup for watching Earth satellites, displays solar eclipse ground locations, object tracks as they orbit, locations of hundreds of observatories and cities, a grid overlay, and a sunlight underlay;
  • a solar system view that displays planets, asteroids, and comets with the capability of displaying all loaded asteroids and comets at once, slider controls providing the capability of viewing from any vantage point, an optional stereo view for comet trajectories, and a move demo mode;
  • a Jupiter view that displays the moons and the Great Red Spot;
  • a Saturn view that shows its moon sand rings, both with a true sky background; and
  • a Mars view that displays an image based on a 1-square-degree orbiter albedo map.
All views can be dumped to a PostScript file for external viewing or printing.

A source code distribution of Xephem is available as are binaries for HP-UX, SGI IRIX, DEC Alpha, Linux Intel (ELF), and Sun SunOS and Solaris platforms. Compilation requires the Motif library. The package is documented in a man page and (mostly) via on-line context sensitive help.

[http://iraf.noao.edu/~ecdowney/xephem.html]

PyEphem
A Python module for performing astronomical computations. It is primarily intended to compute, for an arbitrary data and location on the Earth, the position of the Sun, Moon, planets or any asteroid or comet whose orbital elements are available. Additional functions include utilities for computing the angular separation between two objects, determining the constellation in which an object lies, and finding the times at which any object rises, transmits, and sets on a specific day. This is based heavily on Xephem.

[http://www.rhodesmill.org/pyephem/]

Xerces
An XML parser with advanced functionality including XML Schema, DOM Level 2 version 1.0, and SAX Version 2. The features include:
  • optional document validation;
  • optional inclusion of external general entities;
  • optional inclusion of external parameter entities and the external DTD subset;
  • optional performance of namespace processing;
  • duplicate attribution declaration warnings;
  • lazy or full DOM node expansion;
  • optional creation of EntityReference nodes in the DOM tree; and
  • optional creation of nodes describing the grammar in the DOM tree.

[http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html]

Xerion
See Uts.

xesca
The X Window Extended Simulator of 2-D Cellular Automata is a general purpose simulator for the 2-D cellular automata popularized in John Conway's Game of Life. This extends the original game such that the state of the cells at t+1 can depend not only on their state at time t but also at time t-1. A source code distribution is available that has been tested under Linux.

[http://gnomics.udg.es/~rocher/xesca/]

Xew
The X11 Eurobridge Widget set contains a set of widgets for displaying and presenting basic types of information, e.g. text, images, graphics, audio and video. It currently (5/97) supports multinational mixed text, raster images (PBM, JPEG/JIF, TIFF, GIF), 8kHz uLaw sound, and MPEG-1 video. Each widget is a container for information which is imported into the widget in one of these formats. Sample programs which demonstrate the basics of the widgets are included. These are: viewer, which activates a Xew widget into an Xaw Porthole widget and controls it with a Panner widget; simple, which activates widgets into separate shells; texted, a raw low-level interface to the XeTextEd widget which can be used to test its features; and audio and video for testing those capabilities.

A source code distribution of Xew is available. It can be compiled and used on several UNIX platforms using the supplied autoconfig script. It is documented in several ASCII and HTML files included in the distribution. Xew is used in the Wafe package.

[http://www.vtt.fi/tte/EuroBridge/Xew/]
[ftp://ftp.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/src/X11/wafe/]

X-extension
An extensive Python interface to the X Window System libraries including the X Toolkit (Xt), the Athena widgets (Xaw), and the Motif widgets. An interface to the NCSA Mosaic HTML widgets is also included.

[ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/sjoerd/index.html]

XF
A package which allows the interactive building and modification of a graphical user interface (GUI) based on the Tcl/Tk package. The output generated by XF is a script which can be executed with wish or any other Tcl/Tk interpreter.

The source code for XF is available. Installation and use requires Tk 4.x. The program is documented in a 120+ page user's manual available in PostScript format.

[http://www.dfw.net/~mcody/]
[http://members.aol.com/xfguibuild/]

XFarbe
A contouring program for iso-lines. It features high-quality nonlinear interpolation with bicubics on a rectangular grid, area filling, X Window and PostScript output, customization with a resource file, interative labeling of contour lines, interactive data probing for value and derivatives, placing of symbols according to information read from a file, exact location of extrema and saddle points, and computation of profiles. It should install and run on UNIX boxes with an ANSI C compiler and X Windows.

[http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/grz/pub/xfarbe.html]

Xfax
An X Window fax program which includes a fax viewer and several other tools which are used via the graphical interface to send and process faxes. It supports front page generation, ASCII, PostScript, GIF conversion and more. It is based on the efax program but can also possibly be used with Hylafax.

The tools included in the distribution are:

  • faxserver, which inspects the spool directory for faxes and sends them all in sequential order;
  • faxqueue, which moves the complete fax directory with all G3 files, front page and faxinfo to the spool directory;
  • faxdirect, an alternative fax program which will attempt to send the fax immediately through a fax modem;
  • g3toxpm, which produces (using efix) a PPM file from a G3 file and calls ppmtoxpm to convert it into XPM format;
  • giftog3, which converts a GIF file into a G3 file; and
  • g3view, which views on G3 page.

Xfax is available either as source code or as a binary distribution. Compiling from source requires the XForms library and the efax distribution. The use of the package additionaly requires that both Ghostscript and Netpbm software be installed on your system. A Linux-specific makefile is included with the source distribution. The program is documented is the README file in the distribution.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/serialcomm/fax/]
[ftp://ta.twi.tudelft.nl/pub/dv/lemmens/]

XFB
A user-level library that works with the Linux kernel framebuffer driver to provide hardware-accelerated 2-D drawing functionality. The API provides direct access to graphics card framebuffer memory and automatically uses the accelerated graphics chipset features when available. It also provides identical functionality in software for drawing on dumb framebuffers and off-screen bitmaps. This is a full-screen API intended as a base platform for a windowing system or gaming/multimedia library.

[http://www.hut.fi/~hmallat/xfb/]

XFCE
A toolbar for the X Window System which provides an easy way to launch other applications. The XForms Cool Enviroment is entirely configurable via the mouse and uses the FVWM window manager as a default. A source code distributionof XFCE is available as are binaries for several platforms including Linux Intel.

[http://www.xfce.org/]

XFDisk
The eXtended FDisk package is a replacement for DOS FDISK. It additionally includes a boot manager that allows more than one operating system to be installed. The features include:
  • support for multiple visible primary partitions;
  • installation of the boot manager without changing the partition table;
  • warnings for boot block modifications;
  • command line parameters for controlling default partition types;
  • optional Partition Magic compatibility;
  • master and partition passwords;
  • optional disabling of new partition initialization for recovery purposes; and
  • support for disks greater than 8 GB.

[http://www.uni-bonn.de/~uzsv20/]

xfig
A menu-driven X11 tool that allows the drawing and manipulating of objects interactively in an X window. The resulting pictures can be saved, printed or converted to a variety of other formats. The use of xfig requires the TransFig package, which contains the post-processor needed to convert fig files to one of several output formats.

Xfig is used by selecting icons in the drawing and editing panel windows and then moving and clicking the mouse appropriately (or using keyboard equivalents). Several basic drawing objects are available, including circles, ellipses, polylines, polygons, boxes, arc-boxes, regular polygons, arcs, text, encapsulated PostScript objects, splines, closed splines, interpolated splines, and closed interpolated splines. In the editing mode one can choose to glue together primitive objects to create compound objects, break compound objects, scale objects, align objects, move a point, move an object, add or delete points, copy/cut to a buffer, delete, edit objects, update, flip vertically or horizontally, rotate, turn a polygon into a closed interpolated spline object, add and delete arrows, and more. More choices are usually available under most editing functions, e.g. a choice of fonts for text, etc.

The xfig package can be installed on most generic UNIX platforms with X11. An Imake configuration file is supplied to ease installation. The package is documented in a man page available in both troff and PostScript formats, as well as in a quick overview in PostScript format.

[ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/drawing_tools/xfig/]
[http://www.xfig.org]
[http://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/~neural/computing/posters/]
[http://dsnra.jpl.nasa.gov/xfig/]

XFITSview
A viewer for FITS data format images for UNIX/X11 systems. XFITSview features include:
  • zooming and scrolling;
  • modification of various quantities (e.g. brightness, contrast, and color);
  • determination of celestial positions in an image;
  • logging the positions and brightnesses of selected pixels;
  • marking specified positions in an image;
  • comparing images via blinking; and
  • viewing 3-D images in the form of a movie.
All defined FTIS image data types are supported and normal or gzip compressed files may be used. The package supports Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) coordinates as well as the standard World Coordinate Systems (WCS).

The source code for XFITSview is available. It can be compiled and installed on most UNIX/X11 platforms which have the Motif library. Binary versions are also available for HP-UX, IBM AIX, SGI IRIX, DEC Alpha, Linux (a.out and ELF) Intel, and Sun SunOS and Solaris platforms. The program features extensive online documentation.

[ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/os-support/unix/xfitsview/]

XFMail
An XForms-based mail application for UNIX operating systems. It is partially compatible with mh style mailboxes but doesn't require any mh tools to be installed on the system.

The features of XFMail include:

  • a graphical user interface (GUI);
  • full configurability via the GUI;
  • support for mail retrieval from either POP or a spool file;
  • sending mail from either sendmail or an SMTP gateway;
  • an internal address book;
  • a flexible rules database;
  • support for faces and picons;
  • full MIME support;
  • support for IMAP 4 remote folders;
  • multiple address books with mailing list support;
  • flexible message filtering rules;
  • multiple signatures with attachment rules;
  • multi-lingual and PGP support; and
  • a configurable internal editor and online help.

The XFMail package is available in source code form. It is written in C and requires the XForms library and the XPM library for compilation. It is documented via on-line help files.

[http://burka.netvision.net.il/xfmail/xfmail.html]

XForms
A library and program that allow you to build interaction forms with buttons, sliders and many other widgets in a simple way. The library consists of a large number of C routines that are used to build forms with the available widgets. These routines can be used in both C and C++ programs. The design goals for XForms were to create a package that is intuitive, easy to use, powerful, aesthetically pleasing, and easily extensible.

The basic idea behind XForms is that of a form, i.e. a window on which different objects or widgets are placed. A form can be defined with relatively few lines of code, and several commonly used forms (e.g. choosing a file) have special routines that allow them to be defined in a single line of code. User interaction with the application forms created is fully handled by the library routines, and that interaction can take place in a number of different ways. The widget classes available include buttons, sliders, input fields, menus, browsers, etc., and adding new classes is a straightforward task detailed in the manual. To make things even easier a Forms Designer is included with the package. This program lets you interactively design forms and generate the corresponding C code. Objects can be chosen and placed and attributes changed using just a mouse.

The distribution includes the library, the GUI builder, and source code for over 50 demonstration programs. It is available only in binary form for Linux, Sun, SGI, DEC Alpha, HP, IBM RS6000, FreeBSD, NetBSD, BSDi, unixware, Solaris, SCO, DEC Ultrix, Cray and Convex systems. A 200+ page tutorial and reference manual in PostScript format is avaiable separately. The Feb. 1996 issue of the Linux Journal has an article about XForms by Karel Kubat.

A large number of applications have been built based on Xforms including:

  • DAP, a digital audio processor for UNIX;
  • EMTOOL, a program for the display and manipulation of electron micrographs;
  • Lyx, a WYSIWYG front-end for LaTeX;
  • MAD, an image processing system for recovering images from blurred or noisy representations;
  • Ra-vec, a raster to vector image converter;
  • RPlay, a X11 control panel for the RPlay network audio system;
  • Unix Cockpit, a UNIX/X11 file manager;
  • Xfax, an X11 FAX program;
  • XFCE, an X11 toolbar;
  • XFMail, a mail user agent;
  • xldlas, a statistical applications package;
  • XUser, an X11 interface to shadow password administration files;
  • XWatch, a logfile viewer;
and many more.

[http://bragg.phys.uwm.edu/xforms]

Xforms4Perl
A Perl extension which provides access to the XForms GUI API library and thus allows X applications to be written completely in Perl. The Xforms4Perl distribution comes with a collection of demonstration programs which range from simple API examples to full-fledged system utilities and applications.

[ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/perl/]

XFree86
The organization that ports the X Window system to Linux platforms. There is also an XFree86 FTP site. See Hsiao (1999).

[http://www.xfree86.org/]
[http://xfree86.pacificrim.net/]
[http://x.physics.usyd.edu.au/]
[http://www.uni-paderborn.de/mirrors/xfree86/]
[http://www.xtreme.it/xfree86/]
[http://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/XFree86/]
[http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/xfree86/]
[http://xfree86.gw.com/]

xfsft
A set of patches to X11R6 that enable the use of TrueType fonts.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/]

Xfstt
An X11 font server for TrueType fonts.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/]

Xfuzzy
An environment for the design, verification and synthesis of fuzzy logic based systems. It is based on a high-level abstraction fuzzy specification language called XFL and has a structure consisting of:
  • a kernel formed by a set of common functions called the XFL library that perform the passing and semantic analysis of XFL specifications and store them using an abstract syntax tree;
  • a set of modules in charge of the different design stages around the kernel library; and
  • the GUI on top of the modules.

The module programs in Xfuzzy include:

  • xfplot, a module for plotting surfaces involving fuzzy system variables using Gnuplot;
  • xfsim, a verification module;
  • xfbpa, a supervised learning module for tuning the parameters of XFL definitions;
  • xfc, a module for compiling inference engines into C code;
  • xftl, a module for translating an XFL specification into a look-up table that can be implemented on a FPGA;
  • xfvhdl, a module for translating an XFL specification into a VHDL description based on a specific architecture; and
  • modules implementing membership and rule editors.
A source code distribution is available which can be compiled and used on UNIX/X11 platforms with the Athena toolkit. Extensive documentation is available online and in the distribution.

[http://www.imse.cnm.es/Xfuzzy/]

Xg
An extension of the Motif widget set which provides many of the controls found in MS Windows applications. The widgets in Xg include:
  • XgClockLabel, a digital clock widget which uses standard strftime() format strings;
  • XgComboBox, an implementation of an MS Windows combination box;
  • XgExtPushButton, which allows pixmaps (XPM) and text to be simultaneously displayed;
  • XgFastLabel, a label widget designed to be much faster than XmLabel and in which text can be rotated in any direction;
  • XgNumEntry, a numerical entry widget which allows for range limiting and input verification;
  • XgTabs, a tab widget which can be oriented on any side of its parent;
  • XgTimeEntry, a date/time entry widget; and
  • XgToolBar, a toolbar widget which allows any widget on an interface to be registered for drop onto the toolbar.
Also included are a set of utility functions XgUtils for performing various tasks.

The Xg widgets can be used on any generic UNIX/X11 platform with Motif. There is at present (5/97) no available documentation.

[http://198.202.170.71/xgwidgets/]

XGCL
An X Window interface to Gnu Common Lisp It provides windows, menus, and graphics functions. It also provides an interactive system for making drawings, drawing programs, and graphical menus.

[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/novak/dwindow.html]

XGKS
The X Window Graphical Kernel System is an X11 version of the ANSI GKS. This is a full level 2C GKS system. This has been installed on several UNIX/X Window platforms and special instructions for installation on Linux platforms are given in the indicated distribution. The documentation consists of a set of man pages, a manual describing the C language binding used by XGKS, and a manual explaining the implementation-specific aspects of GKS that are particular to XGKS.

[http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/packages/xgks/]
[ftp://unidata.ucar.edu/pub/xgks/]

XGobi
A dynamic graphics program for data analysis implemented on the X Window System. The dynamic graphical methods offer the capability of motion, extensive interaction, and rapid response for discovering and understanding higher-dimensional relationships among variables. XGobi features the manipulation of scatterplots which can be single-variable strip plots, pairwise plots, or linear combinations of three or more variables. They can also be transformed in many ways, and plots can be moved and reshaped and variables transformed interactively. It is designed to be a complement to existing analytical tools. An example is its capability to work simultaneously within the S statistical language environment (see R).

The functionality of XGobi includes:

  • one-variable textured dot plots;
  • two-variable scatterplots to which connected lines can be added;
  • 3-D rotation around an arbitrary axis with trackball control, including the ability to save coefficients of rotation;
  • grand tour rotation, i.e. a smooth randomized sequence of 2-D projections for exploring a higher-dimensional point cloud;
  • a projection pursuit guided tour, i.e. a method for helping the grand tour find interesting views of the data;
  • brushing, i.e. the ability to change the color or plotting character of a point or group of points including the ability to transmit that information to other windows and save indicator vectors of brushing information;
  • moving and reshaping data in the plot region;
  • identification, i.e. displaying the case label or row number of an interesting point by positioning the cursor near it, including the ability to cause the same point to be labeled in other windows;
  • variable transformation; and
  • on-line help.

A source code distribution of XGobi is available. It is written in C and can be compiled on genertic UNIX/X11 platforms, e.g. it compiled and installed on the first try on my Linux Intel box. A 1992 version of the user's manual in PostScript format is available in the same directory as the source code, although more recent manuals are available for $. See the Readme.doc file in the distribution for details on how to obtain newer manuals.

[http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/general/XGobi/]
[http://www.research.att.com/~andreas/xgobi/]

XGraph
An interactive plotting program for creating line plots and restricted surface plots. It draws a graph on an X display given data read from data files or standard input. It can display up to 64 independent data sets using different colors or line styles to distinguish them. It annotates eachgraph with a title, axis labels, grid lines, tick marks, grid labels and a legend, and has the capability to modify most of the these. This version has been modified to perform simple animation tasks. The source code of XGraph is available as well as binaries for Cray, Convex, HP, IBM, SGI, Sun and Linux platforms.

[http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Codes/xgraph/index.html]

Xgraphic
An easy-to-use and powerful package for drawing graphs. I'd really like to describe this in a bit more detail but the documentation is thus far (4/97) only available in French.

Xgraphic is available in binary form for Linxux Intel (ELF), Sun Solaris and SunOS, DEC Alpha, IBM RS6000, SGI IRIX, and HP700 platforms. Their is a user's manual available in PostScript format which is written in French.

[ftp://barbes.polytechnique.fr/pub/Xgraphic/]
[ftp://ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/linux/apps/graphics/visualization/]

XGS
An emulator for the Apple IIGS computer. This is available as source code or in binary format for several platforms including Linux Intel.

[http://www.jurai.org/~funaho/emulators/XGS/]

XHoughtool
A package for measuring the efficiency and visualizing the Hough transformation and its variants for line detection. The package has a graphical interface although the components can also be used in a command-line mode. The package include implementations of the standard, randomized, dynamic randomized, window randomized, random window randomized, curve fitting, probabilistic, adaptive, combinatorial, and dynamic combinatorial Hough transforms. XHoughtool can be used to examine binary edge pictures with backgrounds signed by zeros and edges by values between 1 and 255 in several formats including PGM, CVL, VIS, SKE and RAW.

A source code distribution of XHoughtool is available. The transforms are written in C and the GUI using Xlib and XView. Documentation can be found in the distribution as well as in Kälviäinen et al. (1996).

[http://www.lut.fi/dep/tite/XHoughtool/xhoughtool.html]

XHTML (Standard)
A family of current and future document types and modules that reproduce, subset, and extent HTML 4 document types as XML 1.0 applications. XHTML family document types are XML based and are designed to work with XML-based user agents. XHTML 1.0 is a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0. XHTML 1.0 is mostly intended as a bridge that allows the increased use of XML while maintaining compatibility with browsers that support HTML 4.0. The chief differences between XHTML 1.0 and HTML 4, with most having to do with the former being stricter than the latter, include:
  • tags are all lower case;
  • elements must nest, i.e. no overlapping;
  • all non-empty elements must be closed;
  • empty elements must be terminated;
  • attribute values must be quoted;
  • attribute values cannot be minimized; and
  • the addition of <script> and <style> elements.

[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/]

XHTML
An HTML editor that facilitates the creation, development and maintenance of HTML files. It is written in C using Motif and the NCSA HTML Widget. This is also known as ASHE. There is a binary version of this available as well as the source code. This is also called ASHE.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X/]
[ftp://ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/linux/apps/editors/X/]
[ftp://ftp.cs.rpi.edu/pub/puninj/ASHE/]

Xi
An interactive C-like programming language with vector extensions to make it more amenable for the quick analysis and manipulation of data from numerical simulations or scientific experiments. Calculations can be done interactively via an interpreter to obtain instant feedback, or file containing Xi statements can be processed via batch operation. Xi is capable of a wide range of numerical and visualization techniques and can produce pixel or vector output graphics. It also supports the PVM message passing system for performing calculations on a virtual supercomputer comprised of several workstations in a cluster.

The visualization capabilities of Xi include the creation of 2-D (e.g. function, contour, and vector plots as well as images and multiple plots) and 3-D (e.g. function, surface and velocity plots) plots. Output can be generated in X11, PostScript and PPM formats (the latter for use by the POV-Ray package). Xi also has a vector-oriented X11 graphics utility that allows the user to freely change the size and relative position of objects within a single window. It presently uses specially developed graphical widgets although versions using either the FSF widgets or Motif are planned.

The numerical library of Xi contains a large number of algorithms and functions including those for:

  • linear algebra (e.g. solving linear equations, inverting matrices, QR-, LU-, and SVD-decomposition, determination of eigen-vectors and -values, calculation of determinants and condition numbers, etc.);
  • numerical integration and differentiation;
  • interpolation and approximation (e.g. cubic splines under tension, least squares fits, least orthogonal distance fits, etc.);
  • fast Fourier transforms and their inverses;
  • multi-dimensional ODEs (e.g. nonstiff and stiff methods);
  • special and complex functions; and
  • random number generators.
Most parameters don't have to be set when using the Xi library since it infers them from the context. Planned enhancements include a Xi to C++ translator to allow for compiled programs and an object-oriented extension to Xi itself.

Xi is available in binary form for DEC Alpha (OSF), Linux (a.out and ELF), DEC Ultrix, IBM RS6000, and Sun SPARC Solaris platforms. The documention is available as a tarred package of hypertext documents or as a couple of separate PostScript documents.

[http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/science/visualization/]

XIcon
A utility that converts X11 XBM, OS/2 (v1.2 and v2.0), Windows, and Mac icons into OS/2, Windows, and X11 XPM files. A source code version (written in C) is available.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/convert/]

XIE
The X Image Extension provides a mechanism for the transfer and display of almost any image on hardware which can support the X Window System. It provides a large and robust set of image rendition and enhancement primitives which can be combined into arbitrarily complex expressions as well as import and export facilities for moving images between clients and servers. While XIE doesn't try to be a general image processing system, it does provide tools for image enhancement as filtering operations such as contrast enhancement, convolution, dithering, geometric transformations, and histogram generation. It also provides support for the transmission of compressed images between client and server to forestall bottlenecks which might be caused by transmitting the large amounts of low-level data found in images. The XIE package is included in standard X11 distributions. See Logan (1988).

[http://www.users.cts.com/crash/s/slogan/]

XImage
A color imaging and data analysis tool based on the X Window system. It features display of actual data values in spreadsheet form, Cartesian and polar color raster display of data images, black-and-white contour and shaded data plots, color palette creation and manipulation capabilities, animation of multiple color raster images, expansion of images for greater detail, notebook capabilities, color contours, and more. The source code is available along with binaries for several platforms, and it should install on generic UNIX platforms running X Windows.

[ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Unix/Image/XImage1.2/]

xindy
A powerful and flexible framework for generating indexes for many kinds of documents, e.g. those created using TeX, LaTeX, Nroff, HTML, or even SGML. It is not fixed to any specific system and can be configured for a wide variety of purposes. Xindy can be configured to process indexes for many languages with many different letter sets and different sorting rules. It also has user-definable location types and highly configurable markup.

A source code distribution of xindy is available as are binaries for several machines including Linux Intel. It is documented in both a turorial and a user's manual, both available in PostScript format.

[http://www.iti.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/xindy/]

xine
A free video player for UNIX-like systems. The features include:
  • playing MPG-2 and MPG-1 video;
  • playing unlocked/unencrypted DVDs;
  • playing video CDs and SVCDs;
  • playing AVI files using Win32 codecs;
  • synchronized audio and video; and
  • optional full screen using the Xv extensions in XFree86 4.x.

[http://xine.sourceforge.net/]

xinetd
A secure replacement for inetd whose features include:
  • built-in access control;
  • logging different services to different files;
  • making services available only during specified times;
  • preventing denial of service attacks by placing limits on servers;
  • specifying ranges of IP numbers in the form 1.2.3.4/30;
  • redirecting services to different hosts and ports; and
  • binding different services to different interfaces.
A source code distribution is available.

[http://synack.net/xinetd/]

Xinvest
A personal finance tracking and performance tool. Xinvest lets you:
  • centralize record keeping by storing all transactions in account-specific files;
  • calculate total and annualized returns including the effects of buys, sells, and dividends;
  • plot various transaction parameters such as share price, shares per transaction, transaction cost, etc. in transaction-based bar or date based X-Y charts;
  • view asset allocation of accounts in a portfolio;
  • use a financial calculator with common financial equations; and
  • save the session state for the next session.

Xinvest is available either as source code or as a statically-linked ELF binary for Linux boxes. Compilation requires both the Motif and XPM libraries.

[http://sunsite.auc.dk/xinvest/xinvest.html]

XIT
The X User Interface Toolkit is an object-oriented user interface development environment for the X Window system based on Common Lisp, CLOS, CLX and CLUE. It is a framework for Common Lisp/CLOS applications with GUIs for the X Window system, and contains user interface toolkits, including general building blocks and mechanisms for building arbitrary user interface elements and a set of predefined common elements (widgets), as well as high-level interactive tools for constructing, inspecting, and modifying user interfaces by means of direct manipulation. The system is stable although still under active development. A partly incomplete XIT manual in PostScript is available, as is the source code. It is known to run on the freely available Common Lisp implementation CLISP as well as on Allegro CL, a commercial implementation.

[ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/xit/]

Xitami
A fast, portable, multithreaded web server which is scalable and efficient at high loads. It is based on the SMT multithreading kernel and faster than most free or commercial web servers. Xitami supports the HTTP operations GET, POST, and HEADER as well as virtual hosts, CGI, clickable image maps, CERN/NCSA logging, log cycling, protected directories, direction execution of Perl programs, and extensive configuration options. It handles all connections within a single processes without creating child processes (like most other servers), which makes the cost of creating new connection very low. It was built from the ground up as a high performance web server engine which can serve large files quickly while handling many simultaneous hits. It is also economical with disk space, memory, and CPU time, and installs in minutes with many configuration options including complete virtual hosting.

Additional Xitami features include:

  • full HTTP/1.0 compliance;
  • multihomed hosts based on IP addresses;
  • direct support for CGI scripting languages;
  • Java applet support;
  • user-defineable MIME types;
  • allowance for multiple document roots;
  • use of the basic authentication protocol;
  • customizable error messages;
  • automatic HTTP port fall-back;
  • on-the-fly server reconfiguration and user/password management; and
  • a customizable CGI interface.

The source code for Xitami is available. It can be installed and used on any system which can compile ANSI C and has a standard socket library. It is documented in a user's guide available in HTML format.

[http://www.imatix.com/html/xitami/index.htm]

XITE
The X-based Image processing Tools and Environment is an image processing system that allows the processing, transformation and description of images to be performed with many built-in functions. New functions or programs can also be created by the user within the system. Images are stored and processed in an internal format called the Blab Image File Format (BIFF) although some other popular formats can be used. The main display program in XITE is xshow which also serves as a graphical user interface to almost all the other programs.

The over 170 available programs in XITE include those for:

  • format conversion (i.e. writing to TIFF, PostScript, PBM, PGM, PPM, raw binary, ascii, MATLAB and Sunraster and reading from all but PostScript);
  • statistics (e.g. size, min, max, median, etc.);
  • image representation (e.g. subimages, merging images, pyramid, etc.);
  • arithmetic operations (e.g. negate, scale, absolute value, complex conjugate, multiply, etc.);
  • logical and relational operations;
  • rotation, mirroring and affine transformations;
  • convolution and filter design (e.g. lowpass, highpass, bandpass and bandstop);
  • Fourier, Hartley, Haar and Hough transforms;
  • color manipulation (e.g. gamma correction, dithering, quantization, etc.);
  • histograms and scattergrams;
  • global and local thresholding;
  • binary thinning and canny edge detection;
  • the generation and addition of noise;
  • various morphological operations;
  • non-supervised classification; and
  • texture estimation.

The XCITE source code is available and runs on Sun SPARC, SGI Indy and Power Challenge, DEC Ultrix and Alpha, IBM RS6000 and Linux systems. The documentation consists of a user's manual and a programmer's manual with both being available in hypertext and PostScript formats.

[http://www.ifi.uio.no/~blab/Software/Xite/]

x-kernel
An object-based framework for implementing network protocols which defines an interface that protocols use to invoke operations on one another, i.e. to send a message to and receive a message from an adjacent protocol. This is also a collection of libraries for manipulating messages, participant addresses, events, associative memory tables, threads, etc. The distribution also includes x-sim which allows the x-kernel to be run as a network simulator as well as on top of a real network.

The distribution includes the source code which is written in C. It has been tested on Linux (Intel), SGI IRIX, DEC OSF/1, and Sun SunOS and Solaris systems. Much documentation in the form of various manuals and technical reports are available in HTML and PostScript format.

[http://www.cs.arizona.edu/xkernel/]

Xlab
A recorder/replayer for the X Window System. The features of Xlab include:
  • written using Xlib for maximum portability;
  • it sits between clients and server and is transparent to both;
  • it is non-intrusive and can automate any X11 application;
  • the recorded files are in human readable and editable ASCII format; and
  • it can be used as an X protocol analyzer.
A source code distribution is available that has been successfully installed on several platforms including Linux Intel.

[http://www.alphalink.com.au/~mvertes/xlab.html]

xldlas
X Lies, Damned Lies And Statistics is a program for interactively performing various statistical tasks. It can perform most standard statistical tasks such as data summaries, OLS regression, ANOVA, line plots, scatter plots, and histograms. It also includes some experimental data fitting techniques which use neural networks and genetic algorithms.

Xldlas is available either as source code or in binary format for Linux Intel, HP-UX, and OS/2 platforms. Compiling the source requires the XForms library. Documentation is a bit sparse but this software practically teaches how it use itself.

[http://a42.com/~thor/xldlas/]
[http://sunsite.math.klte.hu/mirrors/xldlas/]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/science/visualization/]

XLF
The eXtensible Log Format is an XML-based format intended to make log information samrter and easier to use.

[http://www.docuverse.com/xlf/
NOTE-XLF-19980721-all.html]

xli
A utility which allows several types of images to be viewed under X11 or loaded onto the X11 root window. Several options are available for the modification of images prior to viewing, including clipping, dithering, depth reduction, zoom, brightening or darkening, input gamma correction, and image merging. A utility (xlito) is provided which allows these options to be appended to the image files.

It currently (version 1.16) supports several formats including CMU Window Manager raster files, Faces Project images, Fuzzy Bitmap (fbm) images, GEM bit images, GIF images, G3 FAX images, JFIF-style JPEG images, McIDAS areafiles, MacPaint images, Windows or OS/2 MPB Images, monochrome PC Paintbrush (pcx) images, photograph on CD images, portable bitmap (pbm, pgm, ppm) images, Sun monochrome and color RGB rasterfiles, Targa (tga) files, URT (rle) files, X pixmap (xpm) files, X10 and X11 bitmap files, and X Window dump files.

The source code for xli, written in C, is included in the distribution and can be compiled on most generic UNIX/X11 platforms, with compilation eased by the inclusion of an Imake file. The package is documented via a man page. See also xv, ImageMagick, and xloadimage.

[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/X/]

Xlib
A C subroutine library that application programs or clients use to interface with the X Windows system by means of a stream connection. It is the C language interface to the X protocol and represents the lowest and most tedious level of X programming, i.e. all events such as button presses or window exposures must be explicitly managed on this level. Xlib includes:
  • display functions to return information about the display;
  • window functions to create, destroy, configure and change windows;
  • window information functions;
  • pixmap and cursor functions;
  • color management functions;
  • graphics context and graphics functions;
  • window and session manager functions;
  • event handling functions;
  • input device functions;
  • internationalized text functions;
  • inter-client communication functions;
  • resource manager functions; and
  • application utility functions.
A 480+ page reference guide that provides a detailed description of each function and related background information is available in PostScript format in the standard X11 distribution, although it is not a tutorial or user's guide. See the X Organization.

XLISP-PLUS
An evolutionary improvement over the earlier XPLUS with many enhancements and bug fixes. A source code distribution is available which can be compiled on several platforms including Linux.

[http://www.aracnet.com/~tomalmy/xlisp.html]

Xlisp-Stat
An extensible statistical computing environment for data analysis, statistical instruction and research with an emphasis on providing a framework for exploring the use of dynamic graphical methods. Extensibility was achieved by building it on top of the Xlisp language, a Lisp dialect that is most closely related to Common Lisp although it also contains some extensions to support object oriented programming. The window system interface was designed to work identically in different GUI environments (e.g. Mac OS, X Windows and MS Windows)

The prototype object-oriented programming system is used to implement the graphics system as well as to implement statistical model representations such as linear and nonlinear regression and generalized linear models. The statistical modeling features were enhanced by adding extensions to standard Lisp arithmetic operations to perform element-wise operations on lists and vectors and also by adding a variety of basic statistical and linear algebra functions. The statistical functions include functions to return the density and quantiles for a number of types of distributions, to compute means and medians, to perform max/min tasks, to compute lists of random numbers, and many more. Plotting functions include those to create boxplots, histograms, x-y plots, scatter plots, probability and contour plots, and to rotate plots in 3-D space.

Implementations of Xlisp-Stat are available for Macintosh, Ms Windows and UNIX/X11 systems, with the first two available in binary and the latter in source form. I had no problems compiling and installing it on my Linux platform. The available documentation includes a somewhat dated book, a more up-to-date tutorial introduction and several technical reports. All but the book are available in both HTML and PostScript format. The Xlisp language implementation is included in the Xlisp-Stat package but is also available separately. Several ancillary programs written by third-party users are available at the UCLA Xlisp-Stat Repository.

There is also some third-party documentation available. The Surfer's Guide to Lisp-Stat is a good introduction available in both HTML and PostScript formats. A statistical analysis package called ViSta that runs on top of Xlisp-Stat and has some very nice capabilities is also available. It' also worth occasionally checking the Penn State pages on Projects Based on XlispStat as well as the Univ. of South Carolina's Teaching Statistics with Xlisp-Stat project. There is also a site that specializes in keeping track of Xlisp-Stat Resources.

[http://stat.umn.edu/~luke/xls/xlsinfo/xlsinfo.html]

Slisp
An extensible version of Xlisp which makes it easier to add new C functions to Slisp. Slisp is also the basis for a 3-D graphics package called skandha4 which is available in the same directory. The skandha4 distribution contains the separately available Slisp distribution. A 300+ page manual in Texinfo format is included with the distribution. An online version of the Slisp Documentation is available.

[ftp://ftp.biostr.washington.edu/pub/sig/slisp/]

AXIS
A package that provides a point-and-click, dialog-laden interface to Xlisp-Stat. The interface is extensible and includes features to support various linked views. The source code, written in Xlisp, is available as is documentation in PostScript format and various examples and data sets.

[http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~bob/]

xloadimage
A utility to view several types of images under X11, load images onto the root window, or dump compressed images into one of several image formats. It currently reads many common and some uncommon formats and can also create images in several formats, including JPEG and TIFF.

The source code, written in C, is available and should install on most generic UNIX/X11 platforms with the use of the Imake fi