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Ethel the Blog
Observations (and occasional brash opining) on science, computers, books, music and other shiny things that catch my mind's eye. There's a home page with ostensibly more permanent stuff. This is intended to be more functional than decorative. I neither intend nor want to surf on the bleeding edge, keep it real, redefine journalism or attract nyphomaniacal groupies (well, maybe a wee bit of the latter). The occasional cheap laugh, raised eyebrow or provocation of interest are all I'll plead guilty to in the matter of intent. Bene qui latuit bene vixit.

The usual copyright stuff applies, but I probably won't get enraged until I find a clone site with absolutely no attribution (which, by the way, has happened twice with some of my other stuff). Finally, if anyone's offended by anything on this site then please do notify me immediately. I like to keep track of those times when I get something right.

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Friday, August 04, 2000

BEOWULF
In the matter of origins, the
Beowulf Project tells us that :
In the summer of 1994 Thomas Sterling and Don Becker, working at CESDIS under the sponsorship of the ESS project, built a cluster computer consisting of 16 DX4 processors connected by channel bonded Ethernet. They called their machine Beowulf.
It was most definitely the right time for such an idea, with several factors contributing to the rapid dissemination of the Beowulf meme, e.g. the rapid rise of Linux as a freely available and good OS alternative, the concomitant development of network hardware and software protocols to link computers, the maturation of various freely available distributed programming projects, and the growing need in many areas for multiprocessor solutions to problems exceeding the limits of single processor machines.

The latest and greatest descendant of Beowulf is a 2,728-processor supercomputer to be constructed by Compaq and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center for $28 million. The computer will consist of 682 Compaq servers, each with four EV68 processors running at 1.1 GHz and running Compaq's Tru64 UNIX OS. This computational cluster will take advantage of both SMP (within each of the 682 servers or nodes) and message passing (among nodes). And to put it in perspective, each of the EV68 processors has been benchmarked as faster than the best single processor performance of the Cray YMP and C90 machines on the general circulation model codes we use to investigate such things as climate change, with the performance on the CCSM model reaching over 80% of it's theoretical speed-up over a single processor on a four-processor SMP configuration. We folks who've been working with such numerical simulations have been joking since the mid-80s about having a Cray on our desktops, and now we just get impatient if we don't actually have the equivalent sitting there.

Interesting Beowulf-related links include:

  • The Beowulf Project, the current center of the non-poetical Beowulf universe with, among other things, a long list of current Beowulf-type projects
  • Beowulf Underground, a weblog with the latest news pertaining to Beowulf cluster hardware and software
  • Extreme Linux, a project to promote the use of Linux and Beowulf clusters in scientific and high performance computing, with their online presentations of the contents of the First and Second Extreme Linux Workshops perhaps their most valuable contribution
  • Scyld Computing Corporation, the current location of Beowulf co-father Don Becker (the genetically engineered son of Donald Fagen and Walter Becker?), i.e. Scyld was the father of Beowulf in the poem
A most interesting feature of the Scyld site is their development work on and releases of Linux USB drivers, a most valuable contribution towards the cure of this major Linux weakness.
posted by Steven Baum 8/4/2000 11:24:05 AM | link

Thursday, August 03, 2000

THE FANTASIES OF MR. BROOKS
David Brooks pinched off a fragrant pile in
Salon entitled George W. Bush Should Be President. It gets an B for effort but an F for its connection to reality. Brooks is a long-time "American Spectator" hack scribe whom Emmett Tyrell elevated to chief bootlick status when David Brock proved himself unqualified for the role by being unwilling to accuse Hillary Clinton of infanticide and of having lesbian sex orgies in the White House in his book about her, i.e. he was fired and placed on the persona non grata list for failing to maintain political correctness thereabouts. Brooks has no such ethical problems. Early on in his hagiography, he assures us that:
George W. Bush is not a ruthless hard-ass. He's not even an arrogant frat boy, capable of cruelty. He is, deep down, a very nice guy who likes people.
That's rich, especially seeing how Brooks later tells us what a marvelous contrast Bush makes to Gore, who is "a deeply un-nice man." This from one of the official hack scribes of the party that prides itself on realpolitik and on being hard-nosed realists who have made careers out of sneering at the unrealistic touchy-feely bullshit always being spouted by liberals.

He goes on to favorably compare Shrub to other Presidents (with the act of contrasting alone lending him a presidential air, of course). Other presidents don't have close friends ...

... either they are aloof from anybody who could possibly address them as an equal (like Nixon) or they have personally useful contacts in place of friendship (like Clinton), and they discard those people when they are no longer useful.
Note the description of the ubiquitously foul-mouthed and anti-semitic misanthrope of the White House tapes (that is, the ones that have thus far been successfully pried from his dead fingers) as merely "aloof" (as opposed, of course, to the Nazi-like Hillary who is alleged to have said one such thing 25 years ago). Note also the "personally useful contacts in place of friendship" line hung on Hillary's husband, wherein Brooks' godlike capabilities of discerning the inner states of others takes center stage. And, to be very blunt, unfavorably comparing someone to Shrub because of their "personally useful contacts" is like unfavorably comparing someone to Hugh Hefner because of their decadent, self-indulgent lifestyle. "Dad? Can you ring up Skippy and Bozzie and Beebs and the rest for another coupla million for the campaign? Thanks." And note especially the non-mention of Jimmy Carter who was and still is routinely excoriated as the poster boy for "nice guys finish last."

Brooks not only churns out the worst sort of vapid rhetoric on intangible topics, but also can't even get his basic facts right. After coining the phrase "an instinct for the bold move" to describe Shrub, Brooks offers as an example:

His [Texas] administration suggested a bold tax reform package, which moved the state's revenue base from income to property taxes. It infuriated members of the business community, who were scarcely paying taxes under the income tax regime, and in the end he had to compromise away key elements of the plan (it was the state Republicans who opposed it). But in that episode he demonstrated a surprising penchant for innovation.
He's attempting to describe Shrub's beginning of the 1997 Texas Legislature session with a proposal to cut property taxes by $1 billion. To begin with, there is no personal income tax in Texas, a revenue shortfall that's somewhat compensated for by one of the highest sales taxes in the nation. Bush's original proposal would have made up for the $1 billion property tax shortfall by further increasing the sales tax and by decreasing funding for education. The Texas House, led by Education chairman Paul Sadler, spent the next 100 days hearing 300 witnesses and totally rewriting Shrub's "bold" package. They cut out a lot of loopholes under which such things as limited partnerships (i.e. law firms and doctors) weren't previously taxed, and also extended the sales tax to service businesses. They found a way to broaden the sales tax such that those who hadn't previously paid any would start doing so and those who already paid it wouldn't have it increased. As you might have guessed right after reading the words "law firm," the opposition was fierce. Every private jet in the state converged on Austin and money talked. The rewritten proposal failed, although to give Shrub some credit he supported the completely rewritten proposal up until the vote that killed it was cast. That is, he wasn't particularly bold or innovative (after all, how innovative is it for a Republican to suggest a tax cut?), but he did the right thing for once.

Next Brooks suggests another bold triumph:

He was more successful with his education reform package, which was also unconventional, and which passed. The Rand Corporation recently ranked Texas as the state whose school system has made the most progress in the last few years.
The best that can be said about Shrub's education record is that he hasn't tried too hard to screw up a series of long, long overdue steps that were begun in the early 1980s to raise the worst education system in the nation from moribund to the intensive care unit. Former Gov. Mark White (1982-1986) was in office when the changes really started, although he was the beneficiary of a lot of hard and failed battles many others had been fighting for several decades. White's most interesting action was appointing a commission headed by none other than H. Ross Perot to study the problem and suggest solutions. The then-sane Perot worked with state comptroller Bob Bullock (a far more interesting and better Texas politician than anyone named Bush could every hope to be) to figure out a way to get the state started towards equitable funding of schools, i.e. the rich schools mostly turned out students who did well and the poor schools didn't. Perot also did something else that pissed off a lot of people and lost many legislators their jobs: he suggested a "no pass, no play" rule for high school football (second only the Jesus H. Christ hisself in Texas on the religious scene).

The legislation that finally got passed in 1984 was called HB 72 and called for smaller class sizes, early childhood education programs (Texas is still the only state without kindergarten statewide), and school funding equalization. HB 72 had to go through an oil bust and some other growing pains, but it led to noticeable increases in school test scores - especially among minority students - well before Bush first entered the governor's office in 1995. The scores have continued to increase at about the same rate since he's been in office, so while he should in no way get full and even overly much partial credit he should at least be commended for not letting the nutbars talk him into reversing 30 years of progress.

I've already detailed elsewhere his "bold" environmental legislation, which could only be termed such if one thinks that letting the worst polluters (who've been grandfathered out of even mild pollution cleanup since 1970) voluntarily comply with their own cleanup plans is a pro-environmental act.

Once you strip away the counterfactuals from Brooks' argument, all you're left with is his opinion that Bush is "nice" and Gore is "un-nice," which would sound pathetic coming from a bleeding heart liberal much less from a supposed realpolitiking member of the GOP.
posted by Steven Baum 8/3/2000 11:24:23 PM | link

CHENEY'S BIG PINCH
Quotes from the
breakfast table about Dick "Five Deferments" Cheney's rousing speech at Nuremberg:
So despite its length, the actual pith of Cheney's speech could be rendered thus: "More military spending, no blow jobs." The rest was window dressing.

I have one prediction about Bush's speech tonight, and I'm prepared to back it up with money if I can find a taker: I predict that when it's over, at least one commentator will say, "He did what he had to do."

If Gore picks Lieberman, I suppose he could make the case for independence from Clinton, since Lieberman famously attacked the prez on the floor of the Senate post-Lewinsky. That's not much to build a campaign on, though I suppose ... ("Gore-Lieberman: We ain't no oral-sex-loving hillbillies.")

Five minutes ago, it seems, James Carville was so hot that you needed an oven mitt to shake his hand. He could do no wrong. Now his won-loss record is roughly equal to David Cone's, and he's so busy pimping for every advertiser in the phone book--what, no Garden Weasel?--that his party and his preferred candidate are going down the toilet right before his eyes.

And some more from Mac MacArthur's Mac in Philly column at Ampol:
"Ya know," he said, "the producers make me shoot what THEY want me to shoot, and the director allows them to do it. For instance, this afternoon I was shooting the Texas delegation and this guy comes over with about a dozen blacks and puts them right into the picture -- as if they were part of the delegation. The thing is, they hadn't been there at all -- and later I saw three of them unfolding chairs for dignitaries who were holding a meeting in a sky box! I mean, what is this shit?"

Then she'll [Laura Bush] tell you about this Rand study -- which was paid for by a Republican -- which even Rand couldn't lie about. What the report said was that Texas leads the nation in IMPROVEMENT in reading scores by black and Hispanic child children. Well, think about that -- when you are number 50, of course you will be the number one state in IMPROVEMENT. Can you believe how stupid the GOP thinks you really are.


posted by Steven Baum 8/3/2000 05:36:21 PM | link

Wednesday, August 02, 2000

VOXILLA
While we're hot on the topic of electronic yammering, I should mention
Voxilla, a site that hosts open source telecom software. Or, in their own words:
The broad goal of voxilla.org is to host a complete set of telecommunications modules for use with the GNU/Linux operating system. To that end, voxilla.org tracks, archives, documents, and develops such software. The development focus in on server-side solutions. The minimum goals set for voxilla are to have a complete archive, and to be responsive to developers who need to host software.
The telecom software projects are divided into driver, protocol, conversion and application categories.
posted by Steven Baum 8/2/2000 04:48:05 PM | link

DICTATION MADE EASY
The
IBM Voice Systems people have just released their ViaVoice Dictation for Linux product. For a mere $60 you can now unleash foul imprecations at your Linux box and have it record them for posterity. It not only records your speech but can also correct, edit and format documents by voice commands. And as if that weren't enough, it has a text-to-voice feature that can read text to you. I'm thinking of getting it if only to record those witty japes and bon mots I'm sure I keep emitting even after I've fallen off the chair and can't quite get back to the keyboard.

IBM has also made freely available their ViaVoice SDK and Runtime Environment for Linux so you can incorporate their speech recognition technology into other applications. The package consists of three pieces. The first is an ASR (Advanced Speech Recognition) SDK which includes:

  • a native interface definition for IBM's Speech Manager Applications Programming Interface (SMAPI);
  • a grammar compiler for SMAPI;
  • grammar test tools;
  • a pool builder;
  • documentation including a "SMAPI Developer's Guide", a "SMAPI Reference Guide", and a "ViaVoice Speech Developer's Tools Guide"; and
  • a host of sample programs.
Next is Dictation Run Time Kit including:
  • a speech recognition engine and data files to support both dictation and command & control;
  • a user guru for audio setup and training/enrollment; and
  • a user setup utility.
The final component is a Command and Control Run Time Kit including:
  • a speech recognition engine and data files to support command & control;
  • a audio setup guru; and
  • a user setup utility.
The most onerous hardware and software requirements I can find for the SDK are 128 Mb of RAM and version 2.2.x of the Linux kernel. Try the FAQ if you've any questions.
posted by Steven Baum 8/2/2000 02:17:38 PM | link

BANAL OBSESSIONS UPDATE
Last night I managed to lay off the sauce long enough to do some updating and other work on my other obsessions. The latest version of the
Linux Software Encyclopedia is up to nearly 5500 extensively cross-referenced entries, with the PostScript version up to 1063 pages in a double column, small print format. My Programming Texts and Tutorials page is up to 63 categories and over 600 items, and the list of Online Dictionaries, Glossaries and Encyclopedias has around 900 entries (although it needs a lot more work in the mostly unrewarding area of categorization). And I really need to incorporate the information in a stack of papers that's literally a yard high into my Glossary of Oceanography and Related Geosciences which, alas, has been mostly neglected for nearly three years. I'd really like to get it to a satisfactory level of completeness, although I suspect I'd just keep raising the satisfactory bar by comparing it unfavorably to other reference works (of which I have well over 100 from a hugely diverse number of fields at home).
posted by Steven Baum 8/2/2000 01:32:28 PM | link

METASTUFF
That which has been lightly pilfered (yoink!) from elsewhere:

posted by Steven Baum 8/2/2000 10:19:08 AM | link

Tuesday, August 01, 2000

IA-64 DEVELOPMENT ON LINUX
So you're chomping at the bit to start writing programs for Intel's 64-bit
Itanium chip and you know it's not yet available. What to do? You wouldn't be in this quandary if you'd internalized the fact that Linux can do everything including cure cancer. SGI has just released the first open source version of its Pro64 suite of optimizing compiler development tools for Linux Intel Itanium systems. The current features in release version 0.01 are:
  • optimizing C, C++ and Fortran 90/95 compilers;
  • generated code that is complaint with other IA-64 Linux ABI conforming compilers;
  • C and C++ languages identical to those accepted by GNU gcc and g++;
  • ISO ANSI Fortran90 with Fortran95 extensions; and
  • compilers currently hosted on IA-32 Linux.
And it's only going to get better, with upcoming features including:
  • support for OpenMP and NAMELISTs in the Fortran compiler;
  • exception handling support in C++;
  • the EXPLAIN and ASSIGN commands in Fortran for, respectively, getting additional error information and controlling various I/O capabilities;
  • interprocedural analysis and optimization;
  • feedback directed optimization;
  • native IA-64 Linux compilers; and
  • more compiler versions with additional performance features and bug fixes.
The Pro64 suite runs on top of HP's Native User Environment (NUE), which runs on Linux IA-32 machines and emulates an IA-64 Linux environment. NUE provides the compilation toolchain - compiler, linker and assembler - and execution environment need to develop IA-64 Linux software.

NUE itself requires the Ski functional simulator for the IA-64 architecture. It simulates the IA-64 instruction architecture instead of a specific instance (e.g. the Itanium chip), and since the functional simulation is performed at the instruction level Ski is very fast. Ski can execute in either a system mode where both the system level and the application level instructions can be simulated, or in a user-mode where only the application level instructions can be simulated. The latter is faster but doesn't support features such as multithreading. At the user level, Ski provides a screen oriented machine state display, a command interface, and screen-oriented symbolic debugging capabilities.

Personally I like the above set-up since it gives me a Fortran 90/95 compiler I can play around with at home. Yep, I'm just old enough to still be hanging on to that obsolete language.
posted by Steven Baum 8/1/2000 11:13:24 PM | link

ALTERNATIVES
Rather than watching either political convention (or, more accurately, spoinkfests utterly devoid of any real political tension or drama), you might want to try one of the enlightening and entertaining alternatives that EthelCo has invested millions of dollars and person-hours carefully researching to maximize your existential pleasure:
  • rent and watch a copy of Leni Reifenstahl's seminal film Triumph of the Will, since Leni not only did it first and better, but supplied us with the sort of timeless moral lesson that William Bennett won't get even if he spends the rest of an infinite life churning out 800 page monstrosities about feckless liberal strawmen;
  • rent and watch Shoah, Claude Lanzmann's 9 1/2 hour documentary on the Holocaust, especially if you've watched the abovementioned film and felt anything other than utter and complete revulsion, and especially fucking squared if you don't understand why you shouldn't feel anything other than revulsion;
  • at the very fucking least - especially if you're a gen-x git who thinks that street cred follows from babbling stupidities like "history is boring, d0000000000d" - go see the "X-Men" movie and try to figure out why the entire movie is allegorical and, indeed, even supplies you with a touchstone at the beginning;
  • poke around on Paul Krugman's web site and try to figure out why economics is indeed an academic discipline with testable hypotheses and most definitely *NOT* a skeleton upon which one can hang the worst sort of cheap, inane sloganeering (another hint: Krugman pisses off everybody from far left to far right, a damned good sign he knows something a lot more profound than the pronouncements of political whores masquerading as economists);
  • ask yourself why Ambrose Bierce rewrote Sam Johnson's famous dictum about patriotism being "the last refuge of a scoundrel" to replace "last" with "first";
  • take an aging dog for walkies; or
  • poke a sharp stick in your eye.

posted by Steven Baum 8/1/2000 12:32:58 AM | link

Monday, July 31, 2000

THE PLEASURES OF SERENDIP, OR WHY I REALLY LIKE THE WEB
Having recently heard of John Collier (can't remember where, though) and, additionally, having just picked up a copy of his collection
Fancies and Goodnights (the 1965 Time-Life Books edition with a really neat cover painting and an introduction by none other than Fred Hoyle) and, additionally again, having read about a third of the short stories therein, I thought it time to praise yet another forgotten author in my electronic pulpit. Being an unrepentant academic, I first had to first hit the search engines to see who else had (re)discovered Collier. I didn't discover much that strictly pertained to Collier, but I did find well over a handful of related links that are more than slightly interesting in themselves. And, having blown a couple of hours on those related links, I'll have to postpone Collier's festschrift for some other night and, instead, offer those distracting links for your perusing pleasure:
posted by Steven Baum 7/31/2000 11:22:33 PM | link

JOHN TUKEY
John Tukey, the man credited with coining the words "software" and "bit", died last week at age 85. If you've ever been even slightly involved with exploratory data analysis in statistics, then you've probably heard of Tukey. His work can be found in many books (with his journal articles available in a "Collected Works" series of tomes), with his most famous book being the unfortunately out-of-print Exploratory Data Analysis. The latter is described in an obituary at NA-Digest:
In later years, much of his important work came in a field that statisticians call robust analysis, which allows researchers to devise credible conclusions even when the data with which they are working are flawed. In 1970, Mr. Tukey published "Exploratory Data Analysis," which gave mathematicians new ways to analyze and present data clearly.

One of those tools, the stem-and-leaf display, continues to be part of many high school curriculums. Using it, students arrange a series of data points in a series of simple rows and columns and can then make judgments about what techniques, like calculating the average or median, would allow them to analyze the information intelligently.

His most famous and certainly most widely applied contribution is the fast Fourier transform (FFT) he introduced with J. W. Cooley in a 1965 paper in "Mathematics of Computation". The FFT algorithm greatly reduced the amount of computation needed to compute a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) by taking advantage of inherent redundancies, thus greatly increasing the use of the DFT. There's not much done in the field of digital communications that doesn't use the FFT or one of its descendants.

Tukey's other notable activities included helping design the U-2 and getting into a fairly well-known dispute with the author of the Kinsey Report over its statistical validity. Tukey was one of those people you probably should have heard of along with the rest of the significant contributors to science in the 20th century, but probably didn't. Well, now you have. Start appreciating.
posted by Steven Baum 7/31/2000 09:26:40 AM | link

Sunday, July 30, 2000

FIRST TRAGEDY, THEN FARCE
In a wholly predictable move, a group called
Keep the Fire Burning has revealed plans to conduct an unofficial Texas A&M bonfire despite the university's decision to suspend the event until 2002 to study how to make the tradition safer, i.e. to break the cycle of boneheaded student "leaders" whose incompetence and unsurpassed hubris are well and amply detailed in the Bonfire Commission Reports. The Reports spare no factual detail in telling the story of how during the last two decades - with the process accelerating during the 90s and leading to the inevitable - the student "leaders" called redpots became increasingly combative about defending their perceived fiefdom while simultaneously becoming less and less capable at the non-rhetorical duties involved in actually building a safe structure. But, this being Texas A&M, the details permeating the reports and the official conclusions therein are almost completely unconnected. For example, after scores of pages detailing their total and utter lack of any rational and repeatable method for building the thing - even in the context of their own proudly and oft-stated "standards", i.e. informal diaries passed down from generation to generation - the report offers nothing in the way of conclusion other than congratulating the redpots for their gung-ho spirit.

The "Keep It Burning" site is really some piece of work. The first thing that appears is a Martin Luther King quotation. This is priceless both because of the covertly and overtly racist nature of this place - for instance I've been involved in local usenet discussions in which the same Dr. King was called a "godless commie" by gung-ho ags, and just recently someone stated bluntly that the local street named after Dr. King was an unwholesome and unsafe road to travel (i.e. it runs through a black neighborhood) - and because of the sheer egomania it takes to attempt to equate not being allowed to officially have a playtime that you screwed up yourself with the struggle for civil rights in which Dr. King so fundamentally represents.

Next we see an "About Us" statement poignantly talking about the "healing process" and "gaining closure." If these hoary cliches were horses, they would have been on their last legs within a couple of weeks after the collapse last year, and certainly long since gone to the rendering plant after A&M beat their arch-rival in the annual football game for which the bonfire is built. Those phrases had been bandied about so much by the locals that the TV announcers - opponents of no known cliche in this universe or any other - were using them like punctuation all through the game and, after the final gun, almost tearfully. Doubters can read through the local newspaper story archive of the event and count the cliches themselves. By the way, the faculty and staff received an official university communique at the end of the fall semester detailing how they should be sensitive to any of the special healing needs of students during finals. At the time I thought it a bit strange but, what the heck, it's only been a little over a month. The same letter was sent out at the end of spring semester. I wonder how long this new tradition's going to continue.

In today's newspaper article about the group, one of their "board members" states that:

"Dr. Bowen gave us a template from which to work when he announced a few months ago what Bonfire will look like when it resumes in 2002. We're following those guidelines. It will be smaller, safer."
One of the guidelines of which he speaks has students no longer being involved in the initial phase during which students have traditionally spent a couple of months before the bonfire cutting down the trees for it themselves. The official Reports leave no doubt that - if the bonfire site itself was out of control - the so-called "cut site" was an order of magnitude worse, with the students supposedly in charge playing out scenarios that wouldn't seem out of place in "Lord of the Flies." So what did this official spokesman for the unofficial group say to give any confidence that Bowen's template would be followed? He said that students would cut their own logs.

I predicted a couple of months ago that such a group would indeed announce plans for an unofficial bonfire. I also predicted that they'd adopt an incredibly annoying REO Speedwagon ditty called "Keep the Fire Burning" as their official anthem, no doubt changing the lyrics and not compensating the writers. While I knew the first was inevitable, I'm keeping hope alive that the second won't happen. REO was an incredibly annoying band and that particular tune was probably the most annoying thing they ever recorded. It was so utterly innocuous and generic that it would have fit perfectly into place in any one of the dozen or so Saturday morning cartoon shows of the 70s that "featured" annoying ditties at some point during the show, usually during one of the chase scenes as the protagonists and villain/monster of the week chased each other around like Keystone Kops through various doors in a big house. And yet, as annoying as this tune would be, it would be an improvement over the woeful dirges that pass for official music around here.
posted by Steven Baum 7/30/2000 08:39:53 AM | link

ART OF FUGUE - II
In my recent entry on Bach's
Art of Fugue, one of the quotations I used included the following line:
And woven inside it, musical notation spelling out his name . . . BACH.
I just received an email query asking how this was possible since there's no 'H' note. I vaguely remembered Hofstadter's Godel, Escher, Bach explaining this, and it took about a minute to find it again using his marvelously complete and informative index. On page 79, the explanation is given as part of the "Contracrostipunctus" dialog between Achilles and the Tortoise:
Achilles: 'tisn't possible, is it? After all, musical notes go from 'A' through 'G'.

Tortoise: Just so; in most countries, that's the case. But in Germany, Bach's own homeland, the convention has always been similar, except what we call 'B', they call 'H', and what we call 'B-flat', they call 'B'. For instance, we talk about Bach's "Mass in B-Minor," whereas they talk about his "H-moll Messe". Is that clear?


posted by Steven Baum 7/30/2000 07:39:47 AM | link


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cnnsi
crackbaby
cult films
culture jamming
discover
disinformation
dismal scientist
electric sheep
espn
exquisite corpse
feed
fine cooking
fishbowl
fluble
fried society
fry and laurie
hotel fred
hotendotey
hypocrisy network
jerkcity
last cereal
leisure town
logos
london times
mappa mundi
miscmedia
mp3lit
mr. chuck show
mr. serpent
national geographic
new scientist
no depression
not bored
obscure store
onion
on-line books
parking lot is full
pearly gates
phrase and fable
probe
red meat
rough guides
salon
Simpleton
sluggy freelance
spacemoose
spike
straight dope
strenua inertia
suck
superosity
tawdry town
too much coffee man
toon inn
verbivore
vidal index
yes minister
you damn kid





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