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Ethel the Blog
Observations (and occasional brash opining) on science, computers, books, music and other shiny things that catch my mind's eye. There's a home page with ostensibly more permanent stuff. This is intended to be more functional than decorative. I neither intend nor want to surf on the bleeding edge, keep it real, redefine journalism or attract nyphomaniacal groupies (well, maybe a wee bit of the latter). The occasional cheap laugh, raised eyebrow or provocation of interest are all I'll plead guilty to in the matter of intent. Bene qui latuit bene vixit.

The usual copyright stuff applies, but I probably won't get enraged until I find a clone site with absolutely no attribution (which, by the way, has happened twice with some of my other stuff). Finally, if anyone's offended by anything on this site then please do notify me immediately. I like to keep track of those times when I get something right.

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Saturday, November 06, 1999

YAMMERING
Watching the 100th episode of
MadTV, which I find consistently better than the competition (and, in the usual whine, which I can't believe started over 5 frigging years ago). Nice opening with Martin Short confusing them with the SNL crew, and yet another hilarious bit with Alex Borstein playing the ever-annoying Miss Swan ("he looka like a man"). They're interspersing "classic" moments from the first couple of years, including the "Terminator Meets Christ" sketch. And now a slag on Sean Connery and Michael Douglas for preying on women who could be their granddaughters. Looks like we're in for another "Stuart" sketch. Ugh. Ah, but they're making up for it with a reprise of the horribly tasteless "That's My White Mama" ("don't make me break my foot off in your ass!") sketch. Their web site could be a bit more informative, e.g. providing information about their alumni. Does anyone else remember a late night comedy show from the early 80s called "Fridays" which featured, among others, the same Michael Richards who went on to huge fame in "Seinfeld"? My strongest memory about that is a half-hour sketch called "The Ronnie Horror Picture Show", a riff combining "Rocky Horror" and the Reagan Whitehouse. Addendum: Having watched the opening half-hour of SNL tonight (what with MadTV delayed an hour due to inbred, knuckle-dragging, mouth-breathing Jerry Springer-fu), I find it amusing to report that both SNL and MadTV have taken shots at "How to Be a Millionaire". Location and weaponry problems have unfortunately conspired to prevent me from joining in on the fun.
posted by Steven Baum 11/6/1999 11:23:10 PM | link

MR. COCK-UP
This content-free entry brought to you courtesy of some combination of my cable modem cutting out intermittently and a bottle of homemade chardonnay.
posted by Steven Baum 11/6/1999 10:53:07 PM |
link

PRECIS
The November 1999
Fine Cooking (#35) includes some interesting bits.
  • A guide to intensifying the flavor of those Thanksgiving staples the stuffing, the gravy and the turkey. The turkey gets rubbed with sage, nutmeg and pepper; the stuffing gets fresh thyme leaves, Marsala wine and the turkey liver; and the gravy is enriched with Madeira and fresh herbs. Full recipes for each, various other hints, and suggestions on wines to drink with turkey round out the article.
  • An article on Mexican rice dishes featuring three pilaf variations: arroz rojo de chile ancho (ancho chile red rice) in which the uncooked rice is fried with a puree of ancho chiles; arroz verde (green rice) which gets color and flavor from cilantro and spinach leaves; and arroz huerfano (orphan's rice) which adds piquancy with bacon and ham.
  • A persuasive piece on the superiority of the chicken thigh (more flavor and better texture) over the breast in dishes like stews and braises.
I always smoke cook a huge (20+ lb.) turkey or two for the holiday in question so I'm not sure how the rub will work, and I may farm out the stuffings this year, but the gravy idea is enticing. If you haven't got the equipment, time (20+ hours) or jones to smoke a turkey, try using one of those cooking bags. Both times I used those bags the bird came out tender and juicy, although the smoke cooking does the same and also has the smoked flavor (with the leftovers providing the makings for incredible soup as I found out recently).
posted by Steven Baum 11/6/1999 10:23:11 PM | link

SCIENCE
Lake Vostok's been getting a lot of attention for a lake with no beach, marina or even a mythical monster. Why? By now it's not really news to most that Lake Vostok is a lake with about the area of Lake Ontario located 4 kilometers below the eastern Antarctic ice cap. The first mention of lakes within Antarctica was by a Russian pilot in 1961 who described flat areas he saw within the ice sheet as lakes. Since an unusually level and smooth surface on the overlying ice sheet is a sign of a subglacial lake, he may have been unwittingly correct. The first evidence for Lake Vostok was obtained in 1964 by Russian scientists performing a seismic experiment to measure the thickness of the ice sheet. It was obtained but not recognized since - being interested only in finding the thickness of the ice - they overlooked the more subtle evidence for the lake contained within their seismic traces.

During an extensive airborne radar sounding survey of the Antarctic ice sheet in the early 1970s, evidence for subglacial lakes was obtained and recognized as such. The radar survey - which allowed much of the continent to be quickly surveyed from the air in contrast to seismic surveys requiring drilling at least 40 meters down through dense glacial ice for each measurement - located several lakes beneath the ice. The first official report of the existence of the lakes followed ("Lakes beneath the Antarcic ice sheet," G. Oswald and G. Robin, Nature, Vol. 245, 1973, pp. 251-254). Further confirmation supplied by satellite altimetry measurements in the early 1990s prompted the reexamination of the seismic evidence from 1964 - which had fortunately survived a fire that destroyed the shack in which it was stored. A conference in 1994 produced the paper officially announcing the existence of the largest of the lakes, Lake Vostok - named after the overlying Vostok Station of ice core extraction fame.

Martin Siegert's (one of the co-authors of that paper) article "Antarctica's Lake Vostok" in the Nov./Dec. 1999 American Scientist recounts the history and present knowledge of Lake Vostok in much greater detail. For instance, it varies from 500 meters deep at its southern end to around 10 meters at the northern end, containing around 2000 cubic kilometers of water. It's between 4 and 15 million years old and exists at all because the underlying geology releases unusual amounts of geothermal heat. The circulation of geothermal fluids as well as the release of solid deposits of methane trapped within the crystalline structure of the ice sheet are probable sources of nutrients.

Therein lies part of the interest. The nutrient supply can support simple life, most likely the sort of bacteria found in similar extreme environments elsewhere. And, if bacteria are found there, they must have evolved in isolation from the outside world for at least a million years. It could provide, as Siegert puts it, a "superb natural laboratory for studying the vagaries of biological evolution." The rest of the interest involves the development of technologies to sample the lake without contaminating it. Extracting water from a lake buried beneath kilometers of ice is also one of the obstacles NASA scientists have to face in their planned exploration of the Jovian moon Europa. The evidence gathered by the Galileo space probe strongly indicates a several kilometer thick ice crust there with a liquid ocean beneath, more about which can be found in "The Hidden Ocean of Europa" by R. Pappalardo, J. Head and R. Greeley (of the Galileo imaging team) in the Oct. 1999 Scientific American.
posted by Steven Baum 11/6/1999 06:59:57 PM | link

SCIENCE LIT
I've previously described
Philip Morrison's Long Look at the Literature, a compilation of 100 reviews of books Morrison found memorable during his tenure as book reviewer for Scientific American. The November-December issue of American Scientist contains a list of The Top 100 Science Books of the Century as chosen by Morrison and his wife Phylis. They took a list of 80 compiled by the magazine's staff and added 30 or so of their own choice (replacing around a dozen on the original list with their choices). Morrison is as qualified as anyone to handle this task and, indeed, more qualified than most compilers of the various "top 100" lists I've seen.
posted by Steven Baum 11/6/1999 05:25:08 PM | link

Friday, November 05, 1999

YAMMERING
A piece over at
Slashdot about a new book called NetSlaves by Bill Lessard and Steve Baldwin discusses the book's contention that the high tech world features the same sort of low-level, largely unrewarded grunts as the low tech world, with the same very few people at the top rolling in the cash. Is anyone not utterly lacking in historical knowledge and perspective surprised by this? You might get rich if some combination of your ideas, industriousness, timing and luck is good enough, but most of us aren't going to be saying things like, "My name is Elmer Fudd. I own a mansion and a yacht." The latter scenario is most probable rather than tragic.

The only remotely tragic part is believing the bullshit about getting rich quick in cyberspace, and self-delusion doesn't qualify as tragedy in my book. Just because something is shinier and more technically advanced doesn't mean that the laws of time, space and economics are going to be rewritten. There are those who indeed are in tragic circumstances, but they're worried about how to get their next meal rather than about falling behind the bleeding edge in SUVs, condos, fashion and other forms of conspicuous consumption. I really don't see a tragic problem if you enjoy what you're doing and have sufficient resources to survive as well as a reasonable amount of disposable income, and while there are personal differences in how reasonable may be defined, I'll stand firm believing that when words like "yacht" intrude then you're being unreasonable.

And if you don't like what you're doing then some priority reevaluation is almost certainly in order. If you're not going to get rich - and you're probably not - then if you don't at least attempt to seek enjoyable employment you're a fool. And I'm a fool to think that this point of view is going to matter more than a fart in a hurricane in the face of a multi-billion dollar advertising industry screaming that "you'll be rich and happy if only you buy all this stuff." Unfortunately, given the $31,000 average income in this country, what you're most likely going to be is debt-ridden and feeling the same way you always have. Man I'm cranky today. Good thing happy hour's not far away.
posted by Steven Baum 11/5/1999 10:45:01 AM | link

SCIENCE
Jearl Walker wrote the
The Amateur Scientist column in Scientific American from June 1978 to December 1988. If that series of over 120 almost always interesting columns doesn't qualify him for inclusion into the Pedagogical Hall of Fame, then his timeless book The Flying Circus of Physics surely does. The book consists of several hundred short questions about everyday phenomena and the physical processes that govern them. Typical examples are:
Making a Snowball - Why can't you make a snowball if the temperature is very low? What holds a snowball together, anyway? Approximately what is the lowest temperature at which you can still make a reasonably good snowball?

Tears of Whiskey - After pouring a shot of whiskey into an open glass, you will see a fluid sheet that first creeps up the side of the glass and then forms tear drops around the side. What causes that upward creeping to such surprising heights?

The questions and answers vary in difficulty. As Walker says in his preface, "These problems are for fun. I never meant them to be taken too seriously. Some you will find easy enough to answer. Others are enormously difficult, and grown men and women make their livings trying to answer them."

Walker breaks the book onto several sections whose contents you can guess from their titles, i.e. "Hiding under the covers, listening for the monsters," "The walrus speaks of classical mechanics," "Heat fantasies and other cheap thrills of the night," "The madness of stirring tea," "She comes in colors everywhere, "The electrician's evil and the ring's magic" and "The walrus has his last say and leaves us with assorted goodies." The titles may seem unsophisticated, but the questions contained therein surely aren't. If you haven't given up on the learning thing, then you'll profit from this book.

The original edition of the book came out in 1975 and included over 1600 references to mostly primary references in the literature (the conglomeration of which would constitute one hell of a great science encyclopedia, by the way). Fortunately, the second edition tacked With Answers onto the title along with 70 additional pages containing those answers. That is, answers to those questions for which easy answers are available and speculative musings for the others. Another fortunate circumstance is that I don't have to repeat the out-of-print mantra here, seeing how the reissue edition released in 1988 is still available and at an astonishingly good price. If I were to institute a rating system for books (don't hold your breath, by the way), this would break the scale.
posted by Steven Baum 11/5/1999 10:00:12 AM | link

YAMMERING
Friday morning thoughts bubbling to the top on the bike ride in:
  • The signs of success vis a vis dog scratching seem to be squinty eyes and that quasi-yawn thing that ratchets up and may or may not develop into the full yawn (and which may or may not feature the squeak).
  • I'm not sure if the local drivers are average or worse than usual, but they're plenty stupid as evidenced by yet another bonehead driving up the one-way street as I was biking down it. After I ranted about this and other rude features of the locals on a local newsgroup, the two replies offered these excuses: (a) I was just whining about being inconvenienced and (b) if somebody ran me over with a car in Austin (there's a "big" rivalry between those here at A&M and UT in Austin, i.e. A&M obsesses about UT), they wouldn't even bother to stop to see if I was okay.
  • One wonders if those folks nearly continuously stopped next to the "No Stopping, Parking, or Standing Any Time" sign are illiterate or just of the opinion that obeying said restriction and therefore not mucking up traffic on a very busy one-way street is just a bad thing that happens to other people.
  • Given the typical SUV advertisements that hypnotize want-and-deserve-it-all yuppies into brain-death with promises of safety *and* thrills, let's just start calling them "adventure wombs." A comedian recently offered that the off-road capabilities of all the SUVs in L.A. would come in real handy when they moved all the drive-throughs to the mountains.

posted by Steven Baum 11/5/1999 08:51:13 AM |
link

Thursday, November 04, 1999

STRANGE LIT UPDATE
Yesterday (Nov. 3) I mentioned
Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds in an item on one of Charles Mackay's other books. I remembered and dug up another book that both sheds light on that book and updates it, i.e. Ponzi Schemes, Invaders from Mars & More Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1992) by Joseph Bulgatz (sigh, another one out-of-print so try ABE). Mackay's book was first published in 1841 (when he was 27) under the title Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, and contained two chapters omitted in subsequent editions - "The Thuggee of India" and "O.P. Mania." The second edition was released with the title Extraordinary ... Crowds in 1852 by a different publisher, and added the chapters "The Alchymists" and "The Magnetisers." It was popular and remained so through a fourth edition in 1892.

The book slid slowly out of the public view and would have suffered the fate of the vast majority of books had not the famous investment speculator Bernard Baruch heard about it and obtained a copy in 1902. He was so impressed that he not only mentioned it prominently in his autobiography - Baruch: My Own Story - but wrote a forward to the first American edition in 1932. He was, of course, mostly interested in the financial manias described in the first three chapters therein (i.e. the Mississipi Scheme, the South Sea Bubble, and Tulipmania), with his foreword basically ignoring the rest of the book. Late in life Baruch told a reporter the book had saved him millions. Indeed, if Baruch is famous for anything it's his smelling out the behavior of the crowd in August 1929 and selling everything he could weeks before the crash. Apparently it became a tradition to give new Wall Street employees a copy of the book, although I presume that faded away sometime before 1980.

Bulgatz's Ponzi Schemes is a sort of sequel to Madness, adding many more examples from the interim and expanding on Mackay's book in places. The contents of the chapters include:

  • a recounting of the investment fraud (basically a pyramid scheme) perpetrated by Charles Ponzi that carries his name to this day;
  • the land boom mostly around Miami, Florida in the mid-1920s that was slowed by bank failures starting in mid-1926 and had the last nail driven in its coffin by a tremendous hurricane hitting that area in September of that year;
  • a substantial fleshing out of the Tulipmania story to which Mackay devoted only eight pages;
  • the "War of the Worlds" panic on October 30, 1938 and related incidents;
  • the "Soccer War" between Honduras and El Salvador in 1969 that killed at least 2400;
  • a history of lotteries and the insanity that can envelop them; and
  • the mass suicide at Jonestown and other cult-related tragedies.

posted by Steven Baum 11/4/1999 04:09:19 PM | link

SOFTWARE
The Register announces that Compaq is making a cheap, noncommercial version of their Tru64 UNIX operating system available. It'll cost $99, is limited to just one machine per license, and prohibits the development and selling commercial software. While this won't please some, it's great news for we academics who use machines with Alpha processors to run computationally demanding climate models. The Alpha offers by far the best floating point performance per dollar, and the Compaq UNIX-based Fortran compilers (and their predecessors stretching back to the days of VAX/VMS) have proved excellent for our needs. Compaq is porting their Fortran compiler and other software to the Linux/Alpha platform, but it's going to be a while before that combination can reach the performance level of Tru64/Alpha, and we really need every last bit of extra performance we can get. Update: Just a gloat about how I beat Slashdot to this by seven hours.
posted by Steven Baum 11/4/1999 10:20:58 AM | link

COMMENTARY
Note: I'm one of several people doing regular political commentary for a show called Touchstone Radio on
KEOS, one of our two local public radio stations in Bryan/College Station. I've decided to include some and perhaps eventually all of those here, since I've been too lazy to do so elsewhere. All such pieces will be labeled COMMENTARY so you can give them a skip if they're not to your taste.

A TERRORISM PLAY?

Terrorism is one of the fastest growing industries of the 90s, and given our appetite for sensationalism and our penchant for paranoia it's not going to slow down any time soon. Opinion polls indicate terrorism to be the #1 perceived danger from abroad and, more convincingly, more films have been made featuring terrorist boogie men in the 90s than were made in the 80s with the Soviets as the baddies. And, if that doesn't convince you, a five-part biowar docudrama recently took up an entire week of Nightline. If Ted Koppel - whose career was launched by terrorist kidnappers back in 1979 - can't inspire a national trouser-changing moment with his grave intonations of impending doom - then nobody can.

The experts - and a well-paid and growing bunch they are - are as confused as the average Johnny Lunchpail was cowering behind the couch during Koppel's "Nightmare on Main Street." An expert from RAND - the original gloomy think tank - bemoans not having a validated threat, that is, that we don't have any evidence that any particular terrorist organization is planning to carry out an attack. That's enough to make me dig a big hidey-hole in the hills and stock it with enough peanut butter and twinkies to make it through the apocalypse, especially with that Y2K thingie also staring me right in the face. Note to self: Don't forget the vodka and party hats.

Sure, there have been attempts at bioterrorism in this country - for instance an Oregon cult attempting to poison a salad bar with salmonella in 1984, and some right-wing superpatriots attempting to smear doorknobs with poison in 1994 - but they didn't kill a single person. And the Aum Shinrikyo cult in Japan was only able to kill 12 in an extremely crowded subway after releasing poison gas *and* anthrax. The food service industry in this country kills more than that every year with toxic biochemicals - and you're just as dead whether it's caused by incompetence, obsessive anti-regulation hysteria, or evil motives. All the same, we spend $100 billion a year on personal security, the FBI has tripled its number of counterterrorism agents since 1993, and Clinton's pledging $10 billion to fight terrorism in the year 2000. We obviously want to be safe. So how can we be more so? Easy.

If you want to increase your chances of survival on this mortal coil, then don't smoke, don't drink, don't drive, don't eat meat, don't own a gun, don't work in a mine or on a farm, and never, ever hang-glide. The risks associated with any one of these are *far* greater than your risk of being injured or killed by terrorist acts in this country. I almost forgot - stress is quite the nasty killer, too, so *whatever* you do avoid that fear-mongering rabble-rouser Ted Koppel and his Nightly Shop of Horrors. Stick to a steady diet of Gilligan's Island reruns and you'll make it through the millenium into a future so bright you'll have to wear shades.
posted by Steven Baum 11/4/1999 09:46:31 AM | link

STRANGE LIT

Last night I finally found another copy of The Dogsbody Papers, or 1066 and All This as "edited" by E. O. Parrott. This is a history of the world and England as seen through the eyes of the Dogsbody family, starting with stone scratchings by Ugg Dugg Budd explaining the invention of the wheel and ending with Horace Dogsbody's (an "accredited audio-engineer and bugger") involvement with the Downing Street Plot in 1975. Not many important events have failed to be witnessed and reported on in some manner by one or more Dogsbodies, and fortunately all of their papers (and stones) have fallen into the hands of Parrott.

Being a Johnsonian from way back, I couldn't help but appreciate Dorinda Dogsbody's (1762-1850) letter to a friend describing her meeting at a young age with the Great Man. After encountering Johnson during a carriage ride, the Dogsbody patriarch invited him to Sunday dinner. Dorinda reports:

"Upon arrival at our house and being ceremoniously shown into the drawing-room, the Great Man gladly accepted some Sack of which he drank huge drafts and then belched with great enthusiasm. My Father was pleased to take this as a compliment to the quality of our wine.

In his eternal quest for knowledge he declared himself eager to taste some of my Father's rarer wines, and to this effect imbibed, with much gusto and many eructatory indications of appreciation, a pint or two of old Madeira, some bottles of vintage Malmsey and a quart of pleasant mulled Sherry from the Canaries.

'Ah, stap me kidneys, that was good grapes. Ah Bacchus!!'

Which classical allusion brought us under the towering peaks of his giant intellect.

Dinner was served. The good Doctor was now sweating profusely, great drops pouring from his craggy brow down the red carbuncular nose from where they dropped noisily to his soup, which noise was soon drowned by the great din created by his huge lips slurping the scalding broth from the ladle.

Herewith some of his Table Talk:

'Gad, this is a splendid fowl, may I trouble you for the spleen, Sir? Pass me some crackling, Miss - crunch - yum yum, any person, sir, who eschews Pork Fat is a cretin - please oblige me with some roasted 'taties, Ma'am ... I declare that the potato is the fairest legume in creation, we have much to thank Sir Walter Raleigh for. An individual who cares not for Potatoes is a Tollwaddle. I'll gladly accept some Dumplings, Miss - berowp!! Better out than in, as the poet says.'

'Aha, salad! Some asseverate that a mixed salad is for rabbits; any fellow who so avers is a numbskull and a bodysnatcher. Pass the Burgundy - glug, slurp, bola bola bola' (here Doctor Johnson's stomach took up the discourse). 'Pass the Fartichokes! Ha ha ha!' (a jesting allusion to that Vegetables notorious propensity for creating wind).

`Begad, a fine pair of turbot. My compliments, Ma'am. The turbot is a noble fish - those that deny this fact are misguided galleymurphies and incorrigible rogues to boot. Pass the rough cider and oblige. Glagaaaatch!'

With this he was sick over the Cinnamon Surprise.

'Phew! That's better - a good puke airs the guts!'

And after pissing in the umbrella stand the great man took his leave with much ceremony."

One cannot help but fight back tears of gratitude for these further insights into what made the Great Man truly great.

The entire book is equally insightful and entertaining, and if there's any Justice in the world it will eventually find a place on the shelf right next to the English histories penned by Macauley, Churchill and Taylor. Perrott gets bonus points for his titular allusion to that other pithy classic of English history - 1066 & All That: A Memorable History of England by W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman, which brought into the common parlance the phrase "it was a good thing" (and you thought Martha Stewart invented that, didn't you?).
posted by Steven Baum 11/4/1999 08:50:18 AM | link

Wednesday, November 03, 1999

RIP
As an unapologetic football fan, I was sorry to hear about
Walter Payton. I'm old and fortunate enough to have been able to watch his entire pro career. Like someone else said after the news, he was one of those people who - once you saw them in action - you just couldn't imagine them not living forever. A cousin once met him off the field and echoes all the others who say he was as gracious off as he was talented on the field. Of all the accolades he was given before and after his death, probably the greatest praise he ever received was when Jim Brown - thought by many (including me) the best football player of all - said that he didn't mind if Payton broke his career rushing record.
posted by Steven Baum 11/3/1999 02:49:56 PM | link

YAMMERING
So is my interest in
Slashdot waning because:
  • the moderators are narrowing their criteria for choosing stories;
  • the moderators are expanding their criteria for choosing stories;
  • the daily newsblitz format with dozens of small items numbs the mind after a while;
  • there are only so many really interesting things available to report in a given year and we've hit that ceiling;
  • I'm jealous that they get billions of hits per day, supermodel girlfriends, expensive sports cars, and only the finest mind-altering substances;
  • I'm a cheap intellectual thrill-seeker with ADD so it's amazing I've lasted this long;
  • they refuse to include entries about obscure, scatological novels; or
  • I'm even more cantankerous than usual today?
I went through this same sort of thing about a year ago with the Linux Journal, to the point where I find the Linux Gazette and the Linux Weekly News more to my liking. I still subscribe to the former, but the thrill of finding it in the mailbox is mostly gone.
posted by Steven Baum 11/3/1999 02:23:02 PM | link

SITINGS
Paul Krugman's site provides a refreshing antidote to the tendentious and tedious bullstuff that masquerades as economics in the mainstream media. Krugman is the Ford Professor of Economics at MIT, and his credentials should be well established by the fact that he's been attacked in print by Robert Kuttner (from the left), Jude Wanniski (from the right in especially unctuous ostensible agreement with Kuttner) and Lyndon Larouche (from Mars). His responses to Kuttner and Wanniski are nearly as pleasurable as the fact of his non-response to Larouche. His articles "Incidents from my career" and "How I work" should give you an idea where he's coming from.

He's been writing a regular column for Slate called The Dismal Science for several years, although he's curtailing that and other quasi-regular writing stints for a biweekly op-ed position at the New York Times starting in January 2000. In his October column there - O Canada: a neglected nation gets its Nobel - he explains why Robert Mundell's recent Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences - is well-deserved. He also administers a flogging to the Wall Street Journal editorial page hacks for attempting to claim this prize for their house shibboleth, i.e. supply-side economics. The Nobel folks make it quite clear in their announcement that the award is based on his work on international monetary theory in the 1960s, not on his less coherent post-1970 work in which he said, according to Krugman, "a few things that can, with some effort, be construed as support for supply-side economics."

Krugman describes Mundell's early monetarist work as being "15 or 20 years ahead of his contemporaries", with them "thinking in terms of a controlled world, a world where money moved where and when the authorities told it to move", as opposed to Mundell "thinking in terms of a world where money moved freely and massively to wherever it could earn the highest return." Mundell's most well-known concept was probably his "impossible trinity" wherein - given choices for free capital movement, a fixed exchange rate, and an effective monetary policy - a country could only choose two out of the three. Krugman gives China, Canada and Argentina as examples of countries that have each chosen a different pair - guess which is which and then read the essay for your score.

In addition to the dozens of essays available at his site, Krugman has written several books (some which include some of the essays available online) including The Accidental Theorist and Other Dispatches from the Dismal Science (1998), The Age of Diminished Expectations (1997), Pop Internationalism (1997) and Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in an Age of Diminished Expectations (1995). If I've (hopefully) offended any supply-siders, I'll answer by asking a simple question: What did every last supply-sider predict would happen in 1993 when Clinton pushed through an increase in taxes on upper-income families, and what really did happen?
posted by Steven Baum 11/3/1999 11:03:46 AM | link

STRANGE LIT
Charles Mackay (1814-1889) is best known today (although as a poet in his time) for Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, a text chronicling the madnesses and wild schemes that affect crowds (e.g. the South Sea Bubble, Tulipmania, the Mississippi Scheme, etc.). It should be required reading for all self-styled financial wizards who reinvent the very risky concept of leverage every generation or so and think they've found something new under the sun.

A less well-known book of Mackay's is The Lost Beauties of the English Language: An Appeal to Authors, Poets, Clergymen, and Public Speakers (1874, out-of-print so try ABE). It contains several thousand archaic (for 1874!!) words he gathered from sources in Old English, with each defined and with many examples and citations. Examples include:

  • maw-wallop - a filthy, ill-cooked mess of victuals
  • wedfellow - a spouse
  • downcome - a stroke of adversity
  • potsure - sure with the confidence of drunkenness
  • brangle - to dispute or quarrel
  • yonderly - shy, timid, retiring (although one might guess "over there" today)
  • noonscape - escaping from work at noon for lunch (with that meal called "noonshun")
  • mereswine - the porpoise
This is a most browseworthy collection, perfect for that small shelf in the [euphemism of your choice for that room in which we expel our waste goes here].

The Project Gutenberg folks have all three volumes of his Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds online (with the Memoirs of sometimes included in the title and sometimes not, and with the printed versions sometimes containing only the first volume). Try also the Project Gutenberg In-Print Collection, which keeps track of in-print editions of everything the Gutenberg Project has available. Mackay's Cavalier Songs and Ballads of England can also be found in plain text format.
posted by Steven Baum 11/3/1999 09:33:38 AM | link

Tuesday, November 02, 1999

PRECIS
There's a good piece in the Nov. 1
New Yorker about the $260 million jury decision against the Loewen Group funeral home conglomerate back in late 1995. The lengthy piece by Jonathan Harr not only details the trial but also offers extensive biographies of both Willie Gary, the attorney leading the prosecution, and defendent Ray Loewen, the founder and then CEO of the Loewen Group. All the classical signs of a big fall are there for the defense team - greed, arrogance, overconfidence, inner turmoil, and even base stupidity. They manage to bumble an original settlement offer of $6.5 million into the jury award of $260 million. Who needs that hack Grisham when you've got real legal drama this good?

One thing that led to this trial is the steady oligopolization of the funeral industry. According to a 1998 article in U.S. News entitled The Deathcare Business, three firms - the aforementioned Loewen Group, Service Corporation International (also currently causing George Bush, Jr. some problems), and Stewart - "own 15% of the country's 23,000 funeral homes, handle 1 in 5 funerals, and have established a set of practices others feel pressured to emulate." When a private, family-owned funeral home is acquired by one of these corporations, they usually automatically double the prices, with typical funerals now costing $8000 or more. More details of these and other questionable practices can be found in Darryl Roberts's Profits of Death: An Insider Exposes the Death Care Industries, a good follow-up to and updating of Jessica Mitford's muckraking classic The American Way of Death.

Another feature of Harr's piece is a brief history of the funeral in this country. Up until the Civil War it was fairly simple - you died, your relatives laid you out on a board and washed you, a local carpenter built a coffin, a minister said the appropriate words, and then an undertaker buried you. The body count of the Civil War initiated the wider use of embalming for shipping dead soldiers to their distant homes, although the practice was considered unnatural and distasteful by many. The journey of Lincoln's funeral train apparently convinced quite a few otherwise. His body had to be embalmed for the long journey and was viewed by a goodly percentage of the populace. It was also displayed in an ornate mahogany casket, another forerunner of things to come. The rest of the story is fairly obvious - the packaging of funerals as a business, various laws making it trickier to do it the old way, and the quasi-professionalization of the occupation. After all, if a well-tailored dark suit doesn't make you a professional, then what will?
posted by Steven Baum 11/2/1999 05:16:32 PM | link

SITINGS
Check out the fine selection of
useless games at urban75, a UK underground site. My personal favorite is the perpetual bubblewrap, although the world mouseclicking championship is not without intellectual stimulation. Elsewhere, the rants are pretty good and the fuckwit gallery indicates they're doing something right. And speaking of that latter Australianism, I suppose this was inevitable.
posted by Steven Baum 11/2/1999 03:04:16 PM | link

YAMMERING
Just spent another evening helping yet another friend move away from College Station, Texas. It's one of the hazards of both having a truck and frequently hanging around the gym. The older I get, the less I like second- and third-floor apartments, and I'm none too fond of those 8-shaped bricks used to build shelves, either. In this case I'd helped the guy move in about five years ago, too, so I got to lug those damned bricks up *and* down the stairs.

I really identified with that scene in The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul when they couldn't get the couch out of the house and turned to computer modeling to see if it was even possible. That brought back vivid memories of lugging (with one other person) a sofa bed (i.e. an additional hundred pounds of steel) up to a third-story apartment via outside stairs with two switchbacks per floor. The conversation was monosyllabic and not unmuleskinner-like that day.

I've noticed a syndrome in those moving away from here, i.e. the give it all away and get the hell out of Dodge City syndrome. While that certainly makes sense to a degree in a college town, what with the furniture usually getting pretty nasty after several years, it can get out of control. I can resist the freebie urge better than most and attempt to slow down the giveaway since I long ago packed my place to the rafters with books, computers, kitchen stuff, books, a dog (with the usual dog paraphernalia), file cabinets full of tech manuals and scientific papers, books, and, of course, bookshelves. It's quite functional although lacking a bit in the decorative department (even counting the clay pot labeled "Dog Farts" I got at the Renaissance Festival a few years ago).
posted by Steven Baum 11/2/1999 01:48:46 PM | link

Monday, November 01, 1999

JUST THE NUMBERS
Some edifying numbers:
  • 85.7 million - U.S. aid to Columbia in 1997 in dollars
  • 289.0 million - U.S. aid to Columbia in 1999 in dollars
  • 500.0 million - proposed U.S. aid to Columbia per year from 2000-2002 in dollars
  • 75 - percent of those using illicit drugs in 1998 who were white
  • 12.5 - percent of those using illicit drugs in 1998 who were black
  • 37 - percent of those arrested for drug violations in 1998 who were black
  • 60 - percent of those in state prisons for drug felonies who are black
  • 44 - percent of arrested blacks getting prison sentences for possession
  • 29 - percent of arrested whites getting prison sentences for possession
  • 60 - percent of arrested blacks getting prison sentences for trafficking
  • 37 - percent of arrested whites getting prison sentences for trafficking
  • 1 - number of goatherders killed by U.S. military while attempting to stop flood of drugs across Mexican border between official Ports of Entry
  • 85 - DEA estimate of percent of drugs smuggled across Mexican border concealed within legitimate cargo in commercial trucks at the 39 official Points of Entry
  • 100 - DEA estimate for percentage of heroin smuggled likewise
  • 99 - DEA estimate for percentage of methamphetamine smuggled likewise
  • 97 - DEA estimate for percentage of cocaine smuggled likewise
  • 100 billion - estimate of drug profits moving through U.S. financial system each year in dollars
  • 17.1 billion - the total amount spent on the drug war in 1998 in dollars
  • 62 - number of drug-related money laundering cases filed in 1995
  • 300 million - the budget of OCDETF, the U.S. interagency coalition officially charged with targeting narcotic trafficking and money laundering organizations
  • 80 million - estimated amount of OCDETF budget spent on money laundering investigations
  • 0.5 - percent of drug war funding spent on investigating money laundering
  • 34 million - amount needed to spend on drug treatment programs to reduce cocaine consumption 1% in U.S.
  • 783 million - amount needed to spend on eradicating the supply at its source to reduce cocaine consumption 1% in U.S.

posted by Steven Baum 11/1/1999 05:07:39 PM | link

YAMMERING
Every time I use
litotes (as in the previous entry) I feel I've betrayed George Orwell. After all, one of his most despised peeves in Politics and the English Language was the "not un-" construction. In that marvelous essay (which should be required rereading every year or so) he even offers a sentence to cure one of using such constructions: "A not unblack dog was chasing a not unsmall rabbit across a not ungreen field."

He ends the essay with the following rules:

  • Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
  • Never use a long word where a short one will do.
  • If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
  • Never use the passive where you can use the active.
  • Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
  • Break any of these rules sooner than say anything barbarous.

His target was - rather than all writing - the increasingly euphemistic, cliche-ridden and meaning-hiding prose churned out by writers about politics, economics and similar disciplines. The worst offenses involve attempting to hide that either you have nothing interesting to say (e.g. "in my opinion it is a not unjustifiable assumption that" for "I think") or you have something unpleasant or even horrible to say (e.g. "pacification" for "bombing defenseless villages from the air, driving the inhabitants in the countryside, killing the cattle, and setting their houses on fire").

The situation hasn't improved, with the ability to obfuscate communication in such ways seemingly a resume item for government or corporate employment today. Fortunately, there are those who continue in the spiritual tradition of Orwell, with my favorite example being the American Newspeak site of Wayne Grytting, dedicated to finding and publicizing the "news stories most likely to make George Orwell roll over in his grave." William Lutz has also published extensively on doublespeak, and the various available dictionaries of euphemisms are rich sources on the matter.
posted by Steven Baum 11/1/1999 01:23:29 PM | link

SITINGS
On a not entirely unrelated note, there's a reasonably substantiated
rumor of a Bedazzled remake in the works. Screenwriter Peter Tolan - who wrote the recent hit Analyze This (featuring Robert DeNiro and Billy Crystal) - has admitted to working with Harold Ramis on a remake of the 1967 classic featuring Peter Cook and Dudley Moore in an extremely funny retelling of the Faust legend. A potential monkey wrench is the unexpected success of Analyze. Well, according to the article it's more than just a potential problem, i.e. the Bedazzled remake has been shelved and filming is scheduled to start on an Analyze sequel in late 1999 (which would mean right about now). That's a real pisser, and it's not at all ameliorated by the additional annoying fact of the original being unavailable on video. If someone wants to contradict me on that latter part I'll be more than happy to admit my error.
posted by Steven Baum 11/1/1999 10:14:30 AM | link

SITINGS
Hot puppies!!! While sniffing around a
Fry and Laurie fan site, I followed a link to Laurie's filmography at the IMDB. Therein I spotted a link to the upcoming Blackadder Back and Forth (2000). It's just a list of the title and the actors slotted to appear. Anyone have anything more definite about this? Update: The Kestrel's Nest has graciously answered my query by directing me to this BBC News item about the film in question.
posted by Steven Baum 11/1/1999 09:56:51 AM | link

SITINGS
The word phrenology was coined by British physician Thomas Forster in 1815 from the Greek roots for mind and study. The doctrines most well-known today as phrenology were developed by Viennese physician Franz Gall (1758-1828). The gist of his doctrine stated that:
  • different types of behavior are independent and physically separate from one another in the brain;
  • those separate brain parts grow differentially as the behaviors grow at different rates in different people;
  • the shape of the exterior of the skull is determined by the shape of the brain;
  • therefore, the relative dominance of the various behaviors can be established by measuring the skull with sufficient precision (once the positions of the various behavior centers have been established).
It does't take too much imagination to see how this could be and indeed was abused in the service of other motives. The
History of Phrenology site contains all you'd want to know about this topic that - while worth many a chuckle today - was taken very seriously in its day.

To be fair, though, it should be added that even during its popular heyday in the 1830s and 1840s it was still a highly controversial topic. It never achieved the status of an accredited science, although it was the preferred "science" of the usual suspects, i.e. various political and social reformers, including even religious groups who saw the parts that had been labelled Veneration and Wonder as further evidence for the almighty. A reintroduction of the doctrine by the Fowler brothers in America in the late 1860s spawned a head reading craze in the latter part of that century (with phrenological busts found in antique shops today usually featuring the name L. N. Fowler).
posted by Steven Baum 11/1/1999 08:41:18 AM | link

Sunday, October 31, 1999

STRANGE LIT
The opening lines of David Madsen's
Memoirs of a Gnostic Dwarf are a bit unusual: "This morning His Holiness summoned me to read to him from St. Augustine, while the physician applied unguents and salves to his supporating arse; one in particular, which was apparently concocted from virgin's piss (where did they find a virgin in Rome?) and a rare herb from the private hortus siccus of Bonet de Lattes, the pope's Jewish physician-in-chief, stank abominably. Still, it was no worse than the nauseating stench of the festering pustules and weeping ulcers adorning His Holiness's cilicious posterior."

The dwarf of the title is Peppe, a deformed hunchback son of an alcoholic whore rescued from a nightmarish future in the slums by a young woman who teaches him of culture and the gnostic faith. He is arrested by the Inquisition for this heresy, but is again (sort of) rescued by being purchased for a freak show. He escapes from this, returns to Florence, and gains a position with the de Medicis via his manners and education. The position is with a Cardinal Giovanni, fated to become Pope Leo X at which point Peppe is a privileged advisor.

This is a scatalogical, bloody and funny look at the Renaissance during the tenure of Pope Leo X. As you can tell from the opening passage, the writing style is erudite and witty. Others more familiar with the topic have also pronounced it historically accurate. One of the author's (a philosopher and theologian for whom David Madsen is a pseudonym) intents is to refamiliarize modern Christians with gnosticism. In an interview in Black Ice, he states that while most Christians aren't interested in gnosticism they should be, and further offers that "the worst type of gnosticism has re-emerged in fundamentalist Christianity." He claims to be emotionally but not intellectually a gnostic himself.

This book is remindful of Robert Nye's Falstaff, with both exhibiting the same witty and erudite prose, rascally humor, and portrayal of their protagonists as flawed yet worthwhile characters. Both are, additionally, corking good reads.
posted by Steven Baum 10/31/1999 11:11:12 PM | link


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