Mauna Loa CO2 observations
NDP-001/R3 (WDC-A)
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations- Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, 1958-1991 (revised 1992)
C. D. Keeling (contributor)

Since 1958, air samples have been continuously collected at Mauna Loa Observatory and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy for CO2 concentrations. Data are averaged to give monthly and annual atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

These data represent the longest continuous record of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the world. This precise data record covers a single site (Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii). It is a reliable indicator of the regional trend in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 in the middle layers of the troposphere and is critical to CO2-related research. The data are in one file taking 2.5 kB.

Iowa tree ring chronologies
NDP-002 (1984)
Tree Ring Chronology Indexes and Reconstructions of Precipitation in Central Iowa, USA
T. J. Blasing, and D. N. Duvick (contributors)

Tree core samples (4 mm in diameter) were extracted from the trunks of white oak (Quercus alba) at three sites in central Iowa (Duvick Back Woods, Ledges State Park, and Pammel). At least 60 trees were sampled at each site, and at least two cores were taken from each tree. The growth rings of each core were dated by calendar year and measured; the measurements were then transformed into dimensionless ring-width indices and correlated with annual precipitation.

Data were collected for the years 1680 through 1979. Each tree ring was characterized by the site, year, tree-ring-width index, number of core samples, decade year, and the annual reconstructed precipitation estimate. These data have more than 50% of their variance in common with the known annual statewide average precipitation for Iowa and serve as useful indicators of the precipitation and drought history of the region for the past 300 years. The data are in two files: tree-ring-chronology data (8kB) and the annual reconstructed precipitation data for central Iowa (2 kB).

Global surface air temperature variations
NDP-003/R1
Global Surface Air Temperature Variations: 1851-1984 (revised 1986)
P. D. Jones, S. C. B. Raper, T. M. L. Wigley, R. S. Bradley, P. M. Kelly, and H. F. Diaz (contributors)

Monthly and annual surface-air temperature anomalies relative to the 1951-1970 mean surface-air temperature were calculated for the periods of 1851-1984 for the Northern Hemisphere, 1858-1984 for the Southern Hemisphere exclusive of Antarctica, and 1958-1984 for the Southern Hemisphere inclusive of Antarctica. These estimates are derived from land-based meteorological station data and fixed-position weather-ship data interpolated onto a 5o latitude by 10o longitude grid. The data are in three files, one for the Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (10 kB) and two for the Southern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (9 kB, 2 kB).

Transient tracers in the oceans
NDP-004/R1 (WDC-A )
Transient Tracers in the Oceans (TTO)-Hydrographic Data and Carbon Dioxide Systems with Revised Carbon Chemistry Data (revised 1986)
P. G. Brewer, T. Takahashi, and R. T. Williams (contributors)

The 1981 TTO North Atlantic experiment cruise consisted of seven legs and visited 250 hydrographic stations across the North Atlantic Ocean in 200 days. About 9000 water samples were taken for analysis of salinity, oxygen, and nutrients. More than 3000 samples were collected for tritium analysis, and more than 1000 samples for radiocarbon analysis. Samples were characterized hydrographically (e.g., sample depth, ocean depth, and water temperature) and chemically (e.g., alkalinity, salinity, silicate concentrations, and nitrate concentrations). They may be used for ocean-mixing studies, for testing models of ocean CO2 uptake, and for determining the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean. The data are in two files [original TTO data (0.67 MB) and revised TTO data (0.86 MB)].

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations
NDP-005/R1 (WDC-A )
Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations-The NOAA/GMCC Flask Sampling Network (revised 1990)
T. J. Conway, and P. Tans (contributors)

Flask air samples are collected approximately once per week at 29 stations scattered around the globe. The earliest samples were taken in 1968, but the period of record varies from station to station. The samples are analyzed for atmospheric CO2 concentration on a nondispersive infrared gas analyzer apparatus at the NOAA/GMCC laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. The measurements are directly traceable to the World Meteorological Organization primary CO2 standards. Each sample is characterized by station, year, sampling date and time, flask identification number, CO2 concentration, date and time of analysis, and quality indicators. The data are in 30 files [one file that contains data through 1981 (946 kB), and one file for each site with data from 1981 through 1986 (ranging from 3.6 to 55.8 kB)].

CO2 from fossil fuels
NDP-006 (WDC-A)
Production of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Burning by Fuel Type, 1860-1982 (1984)
R. M. Rotty, and G. Marland (contributors)

Global carbon dioxide emissions for 1950 through 1982 were estimated by Marland and Rotty (1984) from fuel production data from the U.N. Energy Statistics Yearbook (1983, 1984). Data before 1950 came from Keeling (1973). Fuel-production data were used in these calculations because they appeared to be more reliable on a global basis than fuel-consumption data.

The data given are the year and annual global CO2 emissions (annual global total; cumulative global total since 1860; and annual global emissions from solid fuels, liquid fuels, natural gas, gas flaring, and cement manufacturing).

These data provide the only pre-1950 estimates of the amount of carbon emitted to the atmosphere from fossil-fuel burning. The CO2 emission record since 1950 has been updated and revised several times with the most recent estimates being published by Marland et al. (1989). The data are in one file taking 7.5 kB.

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations (CSIRO)
NDP-007 (WDC-A)
Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations-The CSIRO (Australia) Monitoring Program from Aircraft for 1972-1981 (1984)
D. J. Beardsmore, and G. I. Pearman (contributors)

From 1972 through 1981, air samples were collected in glass flasks from aircraft at a variety of latitudes and altitudes over Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. The samples were analyzed for CO2 concentrations with nondispersive infrared gas analysis. The resulting data contain the sampling dates, type of aircraft, flight number, flask identification number, sampling time, geographic sector, distance in kilometers from the listed distance measuring equipment (DME) station, station number of the radio navigation distance measuring equipment, altitude of the aircraft above mean sea level, sample analysis date, flask pressure, tertiary standards used for the analysis, analyzer used, and CO2 concentration. These data represent the first published record of CO2 concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere expressed in the WMO 1981 CO2 Calibration Scale and provide a precise record of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Australia and New Zealand. The data are in one file taking 263 kB.

Global temperature anomalies
NDP-008/R3
Annual and Seasonal Global Temperature Anomalies in the Troposphere and Low Stratosphere, 1958-1992 (revised 1992)
J. K. Angell, and J. Korshover (contributors)

For 1958 through 1992, the annual and seasonal temperature anomalies relative to a 1958-1977 mean (expressed in degrees Celsius) were calculated for the surface, troposphere (850-300 mb), tropopause (300-100 mb), and low stratosphere (100-50 mb and 100-30 mb) layers on regional, hemispheric, and global bases. Most of the values are column-mean temperatures obtained from the differences in height between constant-pressure surfaces at individual radiosonde stations.

The pressure-height data before 1980 were obtained from published values in Monthly Climatic Data for the World. These temperature anomalies may be used to analyze long-term temperature trends for a layer of the atmosphere (i.e., surface, troposphere, tropopause, and low stratosphere), a region (i.e., polar, temperate, subtropical, and equatorial), a hemisphere, or the globe. The data are in one file taking 64.5 kB.

Virginia Pine responses to CO2
NDP-009
Growth and Chemical Responses to CO2 Enrichment-Virginia Pine (Pinus Virginiana Mill.) (1985)
R. J. Luxmoore, R. J. Norby, E. G. O'Neill, D. G. Weller, J. M. Ells, and H. H. Rogers (contributors)

From June 28 to October 29 in 1982, Virginia pine seedlings were exposed to elevated CO2 levels in open-top growth chambers at one of four concentrations (75, 150, 300, and 600 ppm above ambient).

Plant dry weight; height; stem diameter; and chemical contents of leaf, stem, and root tissues were measured before and after exposure. Soil variables were also characterized.

These data illustrate the short-term physical and chemical response of Virginia pine seedlings to elevated levels of CO2. The data are in seven files: initial dry weights before exposure (844 kB), dry weights after exposure (4 kB), major nutrient concentrations after final harvest (12 kB), minor nutrient concentrations after final harvest (17 kB), soil nutrient concentrations after final harvest (4 kB), soil leachate elements after final harvest (5 kB), and soil leachate solutes after final harvest (4 kB). Atmospheric CO2 surface data from Tasmania (CSIRO)
NDP-010 (WDC-A)
Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations-The CSIRO Monitoring Program: Surface Data for Cape Grim, Tasmania (1985)
D. J. Beardsmore, G. I. Pearman, and R. C. O'Brien (contributors)

From 1976 through 1983, air samples collected from a high-volume general intake 10 m above the roof of the laboratory at Cape Grim, Tasmania, were dried and analyzed for CO2 concentrations with a nondispersive infrared gas analyzer. This baseline CO2 record from Cape Grim indicates the CO2 concentrations in large, maritime air masses devoid of vegetative influences in this region of the Southern Hemisphere. The data available on each sample are sampling date; daily, monthly, and annual CO2 concentrations; standard deviation associated with each concentration; number of hours of data used to calculate the CO2 values; and the analyzer used. The data are in three files: daily (17 kB), monthly (3 kB), and annual (310 bytes).