Linux
Linux
"The DNS directory service consists of DNS data, DNS servers, and Internet
protocols for fetching data from the servers. The billions of resource
records in the DNS directory are split into millions of files called zones. Zones
are kept on authoritative servers distributed all over the Internet,
which answer queries according to the DNS network protocols. In contrast, caching
servers simply query the authoritative servers and cache any
replies. Most servers are authoritative for some zones and perform a caching
function for all other DNS information. Most DNS servers are
authoritative for just a few zones, but larger servers are authoritative for
tens of thousands of zones." -
What is DNS?
" The term Ethernet refers to the family of local-area network (LAN) products covered by the IEEE 802.3 standard that defines what is commonly known as the CSMA/CD protocol."
" The original Ethernet was developed as an experimental coaxial cable network in the
1970s by Xerox Corporation to operate with a data rate of 3 Mbps using a carrierxi
sense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD) protocol for LANs with sporadic butxi
occasionally heavy traffic requirements. Success with that project attracted early attentionxi
and led to the 1980 joint development of the 10-Mbps Ethernet Version 1.0 specificationxi
by the three-company consortium: Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation,xi
and Xerox Corporation." -
Internetworking Technology Handbook: Ethernet
Netfilter is the system compiled into the kernel which provides hooks into the IP stack
which loadable modules (e.g. iptables) can use to perform operations on packets.
IPTables consists of two parts: user-space tools and kernel-space modules.
The latter are distributed with the kernel, and include the main ip_tables module
as well as modules for NAT, logging, connection tracking, etc.
The former takes the form of the iptables binary, distributed separately from
the kernel and used to add, remove or edit rules for the various modules.
The netfilter/iptables project is the Linux 2.4.x / 2.5.x firewalling subsystem.
It delivers you the functionality of packet filtering (stateless or stateful),
all different kinds of NAT (Network Address Translation) and packet mangling.
" Internet Protocol (IP) multicast is a bandwidth-conserving technology that reduces traffic by simultaneously delivering a single stream of information to thousands of corporate recipients and homes. Applications that take advantage of multicast include videoconferencing, corporate communications, distance learning, and distribution of software, stock quotes, and news." - Internet Protocol Multicast
"Short for Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, a new technology for creating Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) , developed jointly by Microsoft Corporation, U.S. Robotics, and several remote access vendor companies, known collectively as the PPTP Forum. A VPN is a private network of computers that uses the public Internet to connect some nodes. Because the Internet is essentially an open network, the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is used to ensure that messages transmitted from one VPN node to another are secure. With PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via the Internet." - Webopedia
"Short for Unix-to-Unix Copy, a Unix utility and protocol that enables one computer
to send files to another computer over a direct serial connection or via modems
and the telephone system. For most file transfer applications, UUCP has been
superseded by other protocols, such as FTP, SMTP and
NNTP." - Webopedia
"A private data network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure,
maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security
procedures." - VPNC Glossary
UNIX/Linux Software
Linux/UNIX Software
The original version of this document resides at
http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/programming.html.
From
The Linux System Administrator's Guide.
Can be installed from FreeBSD, Linux or DOS, and can
boot *BSD or Linux from the end
(greater than 8 Gb) of a single hard drive or from a second or later
hard drive.
Can boot OSs installed in primary and extended partitions on
any available hard disk.
Supports and can be installed from nearly all OSs, e.g. OS/2,
Windows, Linux DOS, *BSD, SCO, etc.
Designed to avoid BIO limitations by not using the BIOS, i.e. can be used
to boot from any place on a hard drive up to 137 Gb.
Works with the ext2 filesystem and IDE drives.
Uses something called UltraIO to "work with almost all x86 PCs,
operating systems and partition types."
The installation requirements are a PC clone, a hard disk and a
single FAT partition.
"Absolutely OS independent."
A boot loader that operates off an MS-DOS/Windows FAT filesystem, i.e.
it can (only) boot Linux from a FAT filesystem.
A kernel module that allows Linux to boot another kernel image into RAM
and restart the machine from that kernel.
Officially supoprts DOS, FreeBSD and Linux.
Supports BeOS, MS-DOS, FreeDOS, Linux (with LILO), Solaris,
VxWorks 5.x, Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT/2000 and "others."
This also has many features not found in other freely available
boot manager.
This is a commercial offering that costs around $40. The
Amazon reviews indicate that it covers all the major available x86
operating systems except for Solaris x86. All the material therein is
probably covered in the following freely available entries, but if
you want it all in one place and can afford to part with the
Franklins, then there it is. I'm not paid a cent for any commercial
listings I may put in here, by the way.
To install Linux on a machine which already has Windows ME taking up
the entire hard disk, one must embark on a series of steps including
one - the repartioning step - that entails booting into real
DOS mode via ME. Bill Gates has
seen fit to hide this option in ME. This site offers a method of
working around this perfidious decision.
An article detailing how to use the patch described in the previous
entry.
Another method for booting into DOS from ME that requires a copy of
Windows 98.
Yet another option that entails creating a bootable floppy in ME, a
process that Gates has also deliberately made more difficult than it
used to be.
A recommended option for booting OpenBSD along with Windows 3.1,
Windows 95/98 and DOS.
A most helpful primer on hard drives and how they are partitioned.
How to multiboot OpenBSD and Windows NT using NTloader.
"Describes how to use NTLDR to boot Windows NT, Windows 98, Linux and
old versions of DOS using NTLDR."
"A MacOS application which boots the NetBSD/mac68k (and
OpenBSD/mac68k) operating system."
"MAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is a method of
accessing electronic mail or bulletin board messages that are kept on
a (possibly shared) mail server. In other words, it permits a "client"
email program to access remote message stores as if they were local.
For example, email stored on an IMAP server can be manipulated from a
desktop computer at home, a workstation at the office, and a
notebook computer while traveling, without the need to transfer messages
or files back and forth between these
compuuters." - What is IMAP?
"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an open-standard protocol for accessing X.500 directory services. The protocol runs
over Internet transport protocols, such as TCP.
LDAP is a lightweight alternative to the X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP) for use on the Internet. It uses TCP/IP stack verses the
overly complex OSI stack. It also has other simplications, such as the representing most attribute values and many protocol items as
textual strings, that are designed to
make clients easier to implement." -
OpenLDAP Faq-O-Matic
To support files larger than 2 GiB on 32-bit systems,
e.g. x86, PowerPC and MIPS, a number of changes to kernel and
C library have to be done. This
is called Large File Support (LFS). The support for LFS is not yet
complete in Linux and this article should give a short
overview of the current
status.
The complete text of the configuration help files for kernels
1.2.x through 2.2.x.
"GGI stands for "General Graphics Interface", and it is a project that aims to develop a reliable, stable and fast graphics system that
works everywhere. We want to allow any program using GGI to run on any platform requiring at most a recompile."
"Explores important network design
issues for today's modern mixed intranets. The authors
discuss many different platforms, including
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, OS/2 Warp, OS/2 Warp Server,
AIX, Macintosh, WorkSpace
On-Demand, Linux, Solaris, and others. The [536 page] book examines how
to connect these systems in a reliable,
flexible, high-performance TCP/IP network."
"A networking-centric micro-distribution of Linux that can be used in place of a traditional router. LRP is small enough to fit on a single floppy disk, and makes building and maintaining routers, bridges, firewalls, switches, and access servers very easy."
The original version of this document resides at
http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/programming.html.